Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative Review
Microbiota, a composition of trillions of microorganisms, plays essential roles in metabolism, immunity, and gut-brain axis connection. It helps in the digestion and production of valuable metabolites and keeps intestinal integrity intact. A balanced microbiota or eubiosis supports health; dysbiosi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Quality in Sport |
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| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60102 |
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| author | Jakub Wasiak Kacper Zielonka Bartosz Dądela Marcin Markowski Natalia Śliwa Emilia Maria Majewska Eliza Kawalska Szymon Gnitecki Szymon Janczura Maciej Borowski |
| author_facet | Jakub Wasiak Kacper Zielonka Bartosz Dądela Marcin Markowski Natalia Śliwa Emilia Maria Majewska Eliza Kawalska Szymon Gnitecki Szymon Janczura Maciej Borowski |
| author_sort | Jakub Wasiak |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Microbiota, a composition of trillions of microorganisms, plays essential roles in metabolism, immunity, and gut-brain axis connection. It helps in the digestion and production of valuable metabolites and keeps intestinal integrity intact. A balanced microbiota or eubiosis supports health; dysbiosis causes leaky gut syndrome, systemic inflammation, and chronic diseases.
Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an analysis of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (GBA), as well as important microbial metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and their implications concerning health and disease states. A comprehensive search of references related to microbiota was conducted on PubMed using the following search terms: “microbiota, gut-brain axis, dysbiosis, eubiosis, microbiota composition, microbial metabolites”.
Major metabolites such as SCFAs help with the regulation of immune functions, act as protectors of the blood-brain barrier, and are known to support neuroprotection, while deleterious substances such as TMAO find association with cardiovascular diseases.
Dysbiosis in the gut finds association with various chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorders. Changes in microbial composition disrupt metabolic processes and provoke systemic inflammation. A better understanding of these mechanisms would facilitate the early detection of diseases based on the recognition of specific bacterial shifts and/or metabolite imbalances. Microbiota-health-improving relationships are still being explored, demonstrating the need for additional studies aimed at developments of specific treatments for disease prevention and treatment.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-047bbb2d81654137beb851b8dd564d2b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2450-3118 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quality in Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-047bbb2d81654137beb851b8dd564d2b2025-08-20T02:15:33ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-05-014110.12775/QS.2025.41.60102Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative ReviewJakub Wasiak0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5973-6077Kacper Zielonka1https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5149-7786Bartosz Dądela2https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2408-9812Marcin Markowski3https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5497-1138Natalia Śliwa4https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9829-1915Emilia Maria Majewska5https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3043-1104Eliza Kawalska6https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8244-6459Szymon Gnitecki7https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6839-6207Szymon Janczura8https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4214-4014Maciej Borowski9https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0789-804XCentral Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, PolandMaria Skłodowska-Curie Provincial Specialist Hospital in Zgierz, ul. Parzęczewska 35, 95-100 Zgierz, PolandMaria Skłodowska-Curie Provincial Specialist Hospital in Zgierz, ul. Parzęczewska 35, 95-100 Zgierz, PolandMedical University of Łódź, al. Kościuszki 4, 90-419, Łódź, Poland Maria Skłodowska-Curie Provincial Specialist Hospital in Zgierz, ul. Parzęczewska 35, 95-100 Zgierz, PolandDr. Tytus Chałubiński Specialist Hospital in Radom, ul. Adolfa Tochtermana 1, 26-610 Radom, PolandHospital of Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Wołomin, ul. Gdyńska 1/3, 05-200 Wołomin, PolandProvincial Multi-Specialist Center of Oncology and Traumatology M. Copernicus in Łódź, ul. Pabianicka 62, 93-513 Łódź. Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland Microbiota, a composition of trillions of microorganisms, plays essential roles in metabolism, immunity, and gut-brain axis connection. It helps in the digestion and production of valuable metabolites and keeps intestinal integrity intact. A balanced microbiota or eubiosis supports health; dysbiosis causes leaky gut syndrome, systemic inflammation, and chronic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an analysis of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (GBA), as well as important microbial metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and their implications concerning health and disease states. A comprehensive search of references related to microbiota was conducted on PubMed using the following search terms: “microbiota, gut-brain axis, dysbiosis, eubiosis, microbiota composition, microbial metabolites”. Major metabolites such as SCFAs help with the regulation of immune functions, act as protectors of the blood-brain barrier, and are known to support neuroprotection, while deleterious substances such as TMAO find association with cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis in the gut finds association with various chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorders. Changes in microbial composition disrupt metabolic processes and provoke systemic inflammation. A better understanding of these mechanisms would facilitate the early detection of diseases based on the recognition of specific bacterial shifts and/or metabolite imbalances. Microbiota-health-improving relationships are still being explored, demonstrating the need for additional studies aimed at developments of specific treatments for disease prevention and treatment. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60102microbiotagut-brain axisSCFAsdysbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Jakub Wasiak Kacper Zielonka Bartosz Dądela Marcin Markowski Natalia Śliwa Emilia Maria Majewska Eliza Kawalska Szymon Gnitecki Szymon Janczura Maciej Borowski Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative Review Quality in Sport microbiota gut-brain axis SCFAs dysbiosis |
| title | Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | gut microbiota and gut brain axis in health and disease a narrative review |
| topic | microbiota gut-brain axis SCFAs dysbiosis |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60102 |
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