Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals

Micronutrients are essential for the growth and development of animals, plants, and humans. Crop biofortification has emerged as a viable strategy to address iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies in the soil. Biofortification with Fe and Zn during seed germination is particularly valuable, as it not...

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Main Authors: Amelio E. MORALES-MORALES, Julia MEDRANO-MACÍAS, Efraín DE-LA-CRUZ-LÁZARO, Rodolfo OSORIO-OSORIO, José R. VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ, César MÁRQUEZ-QUIROZ
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Society of Land Measurements and Cadastre from Transylvania (SMTCT) 2025-03-01
Series:Notulae Scientia Biologicae
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Online Access:https://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/article/view/12299
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author Amelio E. MORALES-MORALES
Julia MEDRANO-MACÍAS
Efraín DE-LA-CRUZ-LÁZARO
Rodolfo OSORIO-OSORIO
José R. VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ
César MÁRQUEZ-QUIROZ
author_facet Amelio E. MORALES-MORALES
Julia MEDRANO-MACÍAS
Efraín DE-LA-CRUZ-LÁZARO
Rodolfo OSORIO-OSORIO
José R. VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ
César MÁRQUEZ-QUIROZ
author_sort Amelio E. MORALES-MORALES
collection DOAJ
description Micronutrients are essential for the growth and development of animals, plants, and humans. Crop biofortification has emerged as a viable strategy to address iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies in the soil. Biofortification with Fe and Zn during seed germination is particularly valuable, as it not only meets nutritional requirements but also helps prevent diseases associated with Fe and Zn deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of cowpea sprouts (Vigna unguiculata L.) biofortified with Fe and Zn. Cowpea shoots were cultivated in a growth chamber under dark conditions with controlled temperature and water supply, and four concentrations of iron and zinc (0-, 5-, 10-, and 15-mM L⁻¹) were applied. The results indicated that optimizing the Fe and Zn concentrations was necessary to enhance the antioxidant capacity in the sprouts while avoiding stress from excessive nutrient levels. The low Zn concentration (5 mM) in the absence of Fe proved most effective in increasing antioxidant capacity, reaching 196.18 µg mL⁻¹.  Zn application alone or at reduced Fe concentrations promoted a higher phenolic content in the sprouts. Additionally, the combination of 5 mM Fe with 15 mM Zn resulted in the highest condensed tannin content (102.67 mg catechin g⁻¹), whereas the combination of 15 mM Fe with 0 mM Zn produced the lowest phytic acid level at 0.32 mg FA g⁻¹.
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publisher Society of Land Measurements and Cadastre from Transylvania (SMTCT)
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spelling doaj-art-047a836c4aca48cca9d8dc999d854bbd2025-08-20T03:09:45ZengSociety of Land Measurements and Cadastre from Transylvania (SMTCT)Notulae Scientia Biologicae2067-32642025-03-0117110.55779/nsb17112299Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicalsAmelio E. MORALES-MORALES0Julia MEDRANO-MACÍAS1Efraín DE-LA-CRUZ-LÁZARO2Rodolfo OSORIO-OSORIO3José R. VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ4César MÁRQUEZ-QUIROZ5Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km 25 R/a La Huasteca 2a sección, C.P. 86280. Centro, TabascoUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Departamento de Horticultura, Calzada Antonio Narro. Buenavista, Saltillo 25315Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km 25 R/a La Huasteca 2a sección, C.P. 86280. Centro, TabascoUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km 25 R/a La Huasteca 2a sección, C.P. 86280. Centro, TabascoUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km 25 R/a La Huasteca 2a sección, C.P. 86280. Centro, TabascoUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa km 25 R/a La Huasteca 2a sección, C.P. 86280. Centro, Tabasco Micronutrients are essential for the growth and development of animals, plants, and humans. Crop biofortification has emerged as a viable strategy to address iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies in the soil. Biofortification with Fe and Zn during seed germination is particularly valuable, as it not only meets nutritional requirements but also helps prevent diseases associated with Fe and Zn deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of cowpea sprouts (Vigna unguiculata L.) biofortified with Fe and Zn. Cowpea shoots were cultivated in a growth chamber under dark conditions with controlled temperature and water supply, and four concentrations of iron and zinc (0-, 5-, 10-, and 15-mM L⁻¹) were applied. The results indicated that optimizing the Fe and Zn concentrations was necessary to enhance the antioxidant capacity in the sprouts while avoiding stress from excessive nutrient levels. The low Zn concentration (5 mM) in the absence of Fe proved most effective in increasing antioxidant capacity, reaching 196.18 µg mL⁻¹.  Zn application alone or at reduced Fe concentrations promoted a higher phenolic content in the sprouts. Additionally, the combination of 5 mM Fe with 15 mM Zn resulted in the highest condensed tannin content (102.67 mg catechin g⁻¹), whereas the combination of 15 mM Fe with 0 mM Zn produced the lowest phytic acid level at 0.32 mg FA g⁻¹. https://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/article/view/12299cowpeaphytic acidradical scavenging activitytanninstotal phenols
spellingShingle Amelio E. MORALES-MORALES
Julia MEDRANO-MACÍAS
Efraín DE-LA-CRUZ-LÁZARO
Rodolfo OSORIO-OSORIO
José R. VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍNEZ
César MÁRQUEZ-QUIROZ
Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals
Notulae Scientia Biologicae
cowpea
phytic acid
radical scavenging activity
tannins
total phenols
title Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals
title_full Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals
title_fullStr Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals
title_full_unstemmed Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals
title_short Enrichment of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp sprouts with iron and zinc: influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals
title_sort enrichment of vigna unguiculata l walp sprouts with iron and zinc influence on antioxidant capacity and phytochemicals
topic cowpea
phytic acid
radical scavenging activity
tannins
total phenols
url https://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/article/view/12299
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