PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractors

Abstract For the rear-mounted linkage adjustment system using traditional PID control, it is difficult to determine the optimal PID parameters, which leads to the problems of excessive overshoot, slow adjustment speed, insufficient precision and poor tracking performance in implements attitude adjus...

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Main Authors: Yiwei Wu, Chengkang Yao, Mengnan Liu, Jingyun Zhang, Lin Wang, Xiaoxiao Du, Xianghai Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07543-8
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author Yiwei Wu
Chengkang Yao
Mengnan Liu
Jingyun Zhang
Lin Wang
Xiaoxiao Du
Xianghai Yan
author_facet Yiwei Wu
Chengkang Yao
Mengnan Liu
Jingyun Zhang
Lin Wang
Xiaoxiao Du
Xianghai Yan
author_sort Yiwei Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract For the rear-mounted linkage adjustment system using traditional PID control, it is difficult to determine the optimal PID parameters, which leads to the problems of excessive overshoot, slow adjustment speed, insufficient precision and poor tracking performance in implements attitude adjustment. In this paper, a rear-mounted linkage device with independent control of dual hydraulic cylinders is designed, and an optimization method for rear suspension adjustment based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the PID parameters is proposed. A simulation model of the rear-mounted linkage adjustment system was constructed, and MATLAB/Simulink simulation comparison tests and Hardware-in-the-Loop validation tests were conducted. The results show that compared to traditional PID control, the PSO-PID controller reduces the response time by 28.52% in tracking the target tilt angle, decreases the overshoot by 43.87%, and significantly improves the dynamic characteristics of the system. This verifies the effectiveness of the optimization method proposed in this paper, which is of great significance and value for improving the operational efficiency of hilly and mountainous tractors, reducing energy consumption, and protecting soil ecology.
format Article
id doaj-art-04761369fbbc481fa2a7e8940a7077eb
institution Kabale University
issn 3004-9261
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Discover Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-04761369fbbc481fa2a7e8940a7077eb2025-08-20T03:42:52ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-07-017813410.1007/s42452-025-07543-8PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractorsYiwei Wu0Chengkang Yao1Mengnan Liu2Jingyun Zhang3Lin Wang4Xiaoxiao Du5Xianghai Yan6College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power EquipmentCollege of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power EquipmentYTO Group CorporationCollege of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and TechnologyAbstract For the rear-mounted linkage adjustment system using traditional PID control, it is difficult to determine the optimal PID parameters, which leads to the problems of excessive overshoot, slow adjustment speed, insufficient precision and poor tracking performance in implements attitude adjustment. In this paper, a rear-mounted linkage device with independent control of dual hydraulic cylinders is designed, and an optimization method for rear suspension adjustment based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the PID parameters is proposed. A simulation model of the rear-mounted linkage adjustment system was constructed, and MATLAB/Simulink simulation comparison tests and Hardware-in-the-Loop validation tests were conducted. The results show that compared to traditional PID control, the PSO-PID controller reduces the response time by 28.52% in tracking the target tilt angle, decreases the overshoot by 43.87%, and significantly improves the dynamic characteristics of the system. This verifies the effectiveness of the optimization method proposed in this paper, which is of great significance and value for improving the operational efficiency of hilly and mountainous tractors, reducing energy consumption, and protecting soil ecology.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07543-8Hilly-mountainous tractorsRear-mounted linkageOptimization methodParticle swarm optimization PIDHardware-in-the-loopVerification method
spellingShingle Yiwei Wu
Chengkang Yao
Mengnan Liu
Jingyun Zhang
Lin Wang
Xiaoxiao Du
Xianghai Yan
PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractors
Discover Applied Sciences
Hilly-mountainous tractors
Rear-mounted linkage
Optimization method
Particle swarm optimization PID
Hardware-in-the-loop
Verification method
title PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractors
title_full PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractors
title_fullStr PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractors
title_full_unstemmed PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractors
title_short PSO-PID-based optimization and HIL verification method for the rear-mounted linkage adjustment of hilly-mountainous tractors
title_sort pso pid based optimization and hil verification method for the rear mounted linkage adjustment of hilly mountainous tractors
topic Hilly-mountainous tractors
Rear-mounted linkage
Optimization method
Particle swarm optimization PID
Hardware-in-the-loop
Verification method
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07543-8
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