Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice

Bovine enterovirus (BEV) infection is one of the important infectious diseases that cause digestive and respiratory symptoms in cattle, posing a significant threat to the cattle industry. Currently, no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are available for this disease. In our study, we utilized a mouse mo...

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Main Authors: Junying Hu, Qun Zhang, Dan Liu, Xuyuan Cui, Qianying Wang, Wenjie Gong, Xinping Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/750
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author Junying Hu
Qun Zhang
Dan Liu
Xuyuan Cui
Qianying Wang
Wenjie Gong
Xinping Wang
author_facet Junying Hu
Qun Zhang
Dan Liu
Xuyuan Cui
Qianying Wang
Wenjie Gong
Xinping Wang
author_sort Junying Hu
collection DOAJ
description Bovine enterovirus (BEV) infection is one of the important infectious diseases that cause digestive and respiratory symptoms in cattle, posing a significant threat to the cattle industry. Currently, no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are available for this disease. In our study, we utilized a mouse model to investigate the effects of BEV infection on the gut microbiota and examine the therapeutic potential of magnolol (Mag), a polyphenolic bioactive substance, in terms of BEV infection. BEV infection significantly altered the microbiota composition, where the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, was markedly reduced. Mag effectively inhibited BEV infection in vivo. Upon BEV infection, Mag treatment reduced the α-diversity of the microbiota, with statistically significant differences on day 3 post-infection compared to the Mag-untreated group. More interestingly, Mag treatment significantly reversed the effect of BEV infection on the <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance, indicating that Mag positively regulates beneficial bacteria. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment demonstrated that feces from Mag-treated mice significantly decreased the virus loads in the small intestine samples of BEV-infected mice. These findings demonstrate the interaction between BEV infection and the gut microbiota and highlight the important regulatory role of the gut microbiota in Mag’s anti-BEV effects, opening up a new avenue for preventing and controlling BEV infection via targeted modulation of the gut microbiota.
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spelling doaj-art-046c4597ec4e46ecbbbcf6266306d93a2025-08-20T02:21:49ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-05-0117675010.3390/v17060750Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in MiceJunying Hu0Qun Zhang1Dan Liu2Xuyuan Cui3Qianying Wang4Wenjie Gong5Xinping Wang6State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID), NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaBovine enterovirus (BEV) infection is one of the important infectious diseases that cause digestive and respiratory symptoms in cattle, posing a significant threat to the cattle industry. Currently, no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are available for this disease. In our study, we utilized a mouse model to investigate the effects of BEV infection on the gut microbiota and examine the therapeutic potential of magnolol (Mag), a polyphenolic bioactive substance, in terms of BEV infection. BEV infection significantly altered the microbiota composition, where the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>, was markedly reduced. Mag effectively inhibited BEV infection in vivo. Upon BEV infection, Mag treatment reduced the α-diversity of the microbiota, with statistically significant differences on day 3 post-infection compared to the Mag-untreated group. More interestingly, Mag treatment significantly reversed the effect of BEV infection on the <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance, indicating that Mag positively regulates beneficial bacteria. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment demonstrated that feces from Mag-treated mice significantly decreased the virus loads in the small intestine samples of BEV-infected mice. These findings demonstrate the interaction between BEV infection and the gut microbiota and highlight the important regulatory role of the gut microbiota in Mag’s anti-BEV effects, opening up a new avenue for preventing and controlling BEV infection via targeted modulation of the gut microbiota.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/750magnololbovine enterovirusgut microbiotamouse model
spellingShingle Junying Hu
Qun Zhang
Dan Liu
Xuyuan Cui
Qianying Wang
Wenjie Gong
Xinping Wang
Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice
Viruses
magnolol
bovine enterovirus
gut microbiota
mouse model
title Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_full Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_fullStr Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_short Inhibition of Bovine Enterovirus Infection by Magnolol via Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice
title_sort inhibition of bovine enterovirus infection by magnolol via modulating the gut microbiota in mice
topic magnolol
bovine enterovirus
gut microbiota
mouse model
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/750
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