Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides.
<h4>Introduction</h4>In intensive agriculture areas the use of pesticides can alter soil properties and microbial community structure with the risk of reducing soil quality.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>In this study the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) evolution has been stu...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
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| author | Alessandra Cardinali Diego Pizzeghello Giuseppe Zanin |
| author_facet | Alessandra Cardinali Diego Pizzeghello Giuseppe Zanin |
| author_sort | Alessandra Cardinali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Introduction</h4>In intensive agriculture areas the use of pesticides can alter soil properties and microbial community structure with the risk of reducing soil quality.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>In this study the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) evolution has been studied in a factorial lab experiment combining five substrates (a soil, two aged composts and their mixtures) treated with a co-application of three pesticides (azoxystrobin, chlorotoluron and epoxiconazole), with two extraction methods, and two incubation times (0 and 58 days). FAMEs extraction followed the microbial identification system (MIDI) and ester-linked method (EL).<h4>Results and discussion</h4>The pesticides showed high persistence, as revealed by half-life (t1/2) values ranging from 168 to 298 days, which confirms their recalcitrance to degradation. However, t1/2 values were affected by substrate and compost age down to 8 days for chlorotoluron in S and up to 453 days for epoxiconazole in 12M. Fifty-six FAMEs were detected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the EL method detected a higher number of FAMEs and unique FAMEs than the MIDI one, whereas principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that the monosaturated 18:1ω9c and cyclopropane 19:0ω10c/19ω6 were the most significant FAMEs grouping by extraction method. The cyclopropyl to monoenoic acids ratio evidenced higher stress conditions when pesticides were applied to compost and compost+soil than solely soil, as well as with final time.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Overall, FAMEs profiles showed the importance of the extraction method for both substrate and incubation time, the t1/2 values highlighted the effectiveness of solely soil and the less mature compost in reducing the persistence of pesticides. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-046444ffa62348229823153c90bfbaa72025-08-20T02:15:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-011012e014550110.1371/journal.pone.0145501Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides.Alessandra CardinaliDiego PizzeghelloGiuseppe Zanin<h4>Introduction</h4>In intensive agriculture areas the use of pesticides can alter soil properties and microbial community structure with the risk of reducing soil quality.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>In this study the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) evolution has been studied in a factorial lab experiment combining five substrates (a soil, two aged composts and their mixtures) treated with a co-application of three pesticides (azoxystrobin, chlorotoluron and epoxiconazole), with two extraction methods, and two incubation times (0 and 58 days). FAMEs extraction followed the microbial identification system (MIDI) and ester-linked method (EL).<h4>Results and discussion</h4>The pesticides showed high persistence, as revealed by half-life (t1/2) values ranging from 168 to 298 days, which confirms their recalcitrance to degradation. However, t1/2 values were affected by substrate and compost age down to 8 days for chlorotoluron in S and up to 453 days for epoxiconazole in 12M. Fifty-six FAMEs were detected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the EL method detected a higher number of FAMEs and unique FAMEs than the MIDI one, whereas principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that the monosaturated 18:1ω9c and cyclopropane 19:0ω10c/19ω6 were the most significant FAMEs grouping by extraction method. The cyclopropyl to monoenoic acids ratio evidenced higher stress conditions when pesticides were applied to compost and compost+soil than solely soil, as well as with final time.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Overall, FAMEs profiles showed the importance of the extraction method for both substrate and incubation time, the t1/2 values highlighted the effectiveness of solely soil and the less mature compost in reducing the persistence of pesticides.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145501&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Alessandra Cardinali Diego Pizzeghello Giuseppe Zanin Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides. PLoS ONE |
| title | Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides. |
| title_full | Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides. |
| title_fullStr | Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides. |
| title_short | Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Succession in Different Substrates as Affected by the Co-Application of Three Pesticides. |
| title_sort | fatty acid methyl ester fame succession in different substrates as affected by the co application of three pesticides |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145501&type=printable |
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