Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production in Activated Macrophages
In inflammation, bacterial products and proinflammatory cytokines induce the formation of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and compounds that...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2007-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/45673 |
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| author | Mari Hämäläinen Riina Nieminen Pia Vuorela Marina Heinonen Eeva Moilanen |
| author_facet | Mari Hämäläinen Riina Nieminen Pia Vuorela Marina Heinonen Eeva Moilanen |
| author_sort | Mari Hämäläinen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In inflammation, bacterial products and proinflammatory
cytokines induce the formation of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO)
by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and compounds that
inhibit NO production have anti-inflammatory effects.
In the present study, we systematically investigated the effects of 36 naturally occurring flavonoids and
related compounds on NO production in macrophages exposed to an inflammatory stimulus
(lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and evaluated the mechanisms of action of the effective compounds.
Flavone, the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin,
the flavanone naringenin, and the anthocyanin pelargonidin inhibited iNOS protein and mRNA
expression and also NO production in a dose-dependent manner. All eight active compounds
inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is a significant transcription factor for iNOS. Genistein, kaempferol, quercetin,
and daidzein also inhibited the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription
1 (STAT-1), another important transcription factor for iNOS.
The present study characterises the effects and mechanisms of naturally occurring phenolic
compounds on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages. The results partially
explain the pharmacological efficacy of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory compounds. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-04587ebe5b8e42e3b37f4a7a87656ab0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2007-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-04587ebe5b8e42e3b37f4a7a87656ab02025-08-20T03:55:23ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612007-01-01200710.1155/2007/4567345673Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production in Activated MacrophagesMari Hämäläinen0Riina Nieminen1Pia Vuorela2Marina Heinonen3Eeva Moilanen4The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere, Medical School and Tampere University Hospital, Research Unit, Tampere 33014, FinlandThe Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere, Medical School and Tampere University Hospital, Research Unit, Tampere 33014, FinlandDepartment of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, FinlandDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, FinlandThe Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere, Medical School and Tampere University Hospital, Research Unit, Tampere 33014, FinlandIn inflammation, bacterial products and proinflammatory cytokines induce the formation of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and compounds that inhibit NO production have anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we systematically investigated the effects of 36 naturally occurring flavonoids and related compounds on NO production in macrophages exposed to an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and evaluated the mechanisms of action of the effective compounds. Flavone, the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the flavanone naringenin, and the anthocyanin pelargonidin inhibited iNOS protein and mRNA expression and also NO production in a dose-dependent manner. All eight active compounds inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is a significant transcription factor for iNOS. Genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein also inhibited the activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1), another important transcription factor for iNOS. The present study characterises the effects and mechanisms of naturally occurring phenolic compounds on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages. The results partially explain the pharmacological efficacy of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory compounds.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/45673 |
| spellingShingle | Mari Hämäläinen Riina Nieminen Pia Vuorela Marina Heinonen Eeva Moilanen Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production in Activated Macrophages Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein
Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit
only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production
in Activated Macrophages |
| title_full | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein
Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit
only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production
in Activated Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein
Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit
only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production
in Activated Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein
Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit
only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production
in Activated Macrophages |
| title_short | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids: Genistein, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Daidzein
Inhibit STAT-1 and NF-κB Activations, Whereas Flavone, Isorhamnetin, Naringenin, and Pelargonidin Inhibit
only NF-κB Activation along with Their Inhibitory Effect on iNOS Expression and NO Production
in Activated Macrophages |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory effects of flavonoids genistein kaempferol quercetin and daidzein inhibit stat 1 and nf κb activations whereas flavone isorhamnetin naringenin and pelargonidin inhibit only nf κb activation along with their inhibitory effect on inos expression and no production in activated macrophages |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/45673 |
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