Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from Wastewater

This study investigates the potential of metakaolin-based alkali-activated materials (AAM) as efficient adsorbents for copper removal through adsorption. The optimization process involved comparing the synthesis of AAM using metakaolin as the precursor material under two conditions: one with adding...

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Main Authors: M. Ibrahim, W.M.W. Ibrahim, M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah, A. Romisuhani, P. Postawa, S. Ishak, R. Ediati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Polish Academy of Sciences 2025-06-01
Series:Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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Online Access:https://journals.pan.pl/Content/135506/AMM-2025-2-59-Ibrahim.pdf
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author M. Ibrahim
W.M.W. Ibrahim
M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah
A. Romisuhani
P. Postawa
S. Ishak
R. Ediati
author_facet M. Ibrahim
W.M.W. Ibrahim
M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah
A. Romisuhani
P. Postawa
S. Ishak
R. Ediati
author_sort M. Ibrahim
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the potential of metakaolin-based alkali-activated materials (AAM) as efficient adsorbents for copper removal through adsorption. The optimization process involved comparing the synthesis of AAM using metakaolin as the precursor material under two conditions: one with adding foaming agents, specifically hydrogen peroxide with a surfactant, and the other without any foaming agent. Characterization techniques, including specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed to analyze the structural and morphological changes of the synthesized AAM. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the copper removal efficiency of the optimized AAM by considering factors such as initial copper concentration and pH. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to investigate the adsorption mechanism and equilibrium behavior, providing insights into the adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the optimal AAM exhibited superior copper adsorption performance, achieving a removal efficiency of over 90% and best fitted with Langmuir isotherm suggesting that copper ions perform as a single molecule layer for MK-based AAM adsorption. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and effective materials for water treatment, particularly for addressing copper contamination. Metakaolin-based AAM with 1.00 wt.% hydrogen peroxide indicated the availability of numerous active sites for binding with Cu2+ and showed promise as a high-effective, convenient, and eco-friendly adsorbent for copper removal, with potential applications in various industrial and environmental settings.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-044d9632dc4a4e73a48d8ebc7b1898a22025-08-20T03:28:18ZengPolish Academy of SciencesArchives of Metallurgy and Materials2300-19092025-06-01vol. 70No 210551065https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2025.153511Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from WastewaterM. Ibrahim0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7632-2717W.M.W. Ibrahim1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6766-3541M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-8586A. Romisuhani3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2232-6426P. Postawa4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7654-2963S. Ishak5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9642-4497R. Ediati6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2835-2393Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, 02600, Arau, Perlis, MalaysiaUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTECH), 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, 02600, Arau, Perlis, MalaysiaUniversiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTECH), 01000, Perlis, MalaysiaCzęstochowa University of Technology, Department of Technology and Automation, 19c Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction, 81310 Johor, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaThis study investigates the potential of metakaolin-based alkali-activated materials (AAM) as efficient adsorbents for copper removal through adsorption. The optimization process involved comparing the synthesis of AAM using metakaolin as the precursor material under two conditions: one with adding foaming agents, specifically hydrogen peroxide with a surfactant, and the other without any foaming agent. Characterization techniques, including specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed to analyze the structural and morphological changes of the synthesized AAM. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the copper removal efficiency of the optimized AAM by considering factors such as initial copper concentration and pH. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to investigate the adsorption mechanism and equilibrium behavior, providing insights into the adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the optimal AAM exhibited superior copper adsorption performance, achieving a removal efficiency of over 90% and best fitted with Langmuir isotherm suggesting that copper ions perform as a single molecule layer for MK-based AAM adsorption. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and effective materials for water treatment, particularly for addressing copper contamination. Metakaolin-based AAM with 1.00 wt.% hydrogen peroxide indicated the availability of numerous active sites for binding with Cu2+ and showed promise as a high-effective, convenient, and eco-friendly adsorbent for copper removal, with potential applications in various industrial and environmental settings.https://journals.pan.pl/Content/135506/AMM-2025-2-59-Ibrahim.pdfmetakaolin based alkali activated materialsadsorbentadsorptioncopper removalwastewater treatment
spellingShingle M. Ibrahim
W.M.W. Ibrahim
M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah
A. Romisuhani
P. Postawa
S. Ishak
R. Ediati
Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from Wastewater
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
metakaolin based alkali activated materials
adsorbent
adsorption
copper removal
wastewater treatment
title Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from Wastewater
title_full Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from Wastewater
title_fullStr Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from Wastewater
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from Wastewater
title_short Optimization of Metakaolin-Based Alkali Activated Materials for Efficient Copper Removal from Wastewater
title_sort optimization of metakaolin based alkali activated materials for efficient copper removal from wastewater
topic metakaolin based alkali activated materials
adsorbent
adsorption
copper removal
wastewater treatment
url https://journals.pan.pl/Content/135506/AMM-2025-2-59-Ibrahim.pdf
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