Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and Crosslinking
Excessive blood loss is a leading cause of mortality among soldiers and accident victims. The wound healing process typically ranges from three weeks to several months, with disruptions in healing stages potentially prolonging recovery time. Chronic wounds may persist for years, creating a favorable...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska Paulina Bąk Łukasz Janus Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek Piotr Radomski Agnieszka Kramek Justyna Gumieniak Dariusz Bogdał |
| author_facet | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska Paulina Bąk Łukasz Janus Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek Piotr Radomski Agnieszka Kramek Justyna Gumieniak Dariusz Bogdał |
| author_sort | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska |
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| description | Excessive blood loss is a leading cause of mortality among soldiers and accident victims. The wound healing process typically ranges from three weeks to several months, with disruptions in healing stages potentially prolonging recovery time. Chronic wounds may persist for years, creating a favorable environment for microbial growth. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin—the second most abundant biopolymer in nature—is obtained through deacetylation and exhibits mucoadhesive, analgesic, antioxidant, biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible properties. Due to its hemostatic and regenerative support capabilities, chitosan is widely applied in the food, cosmetic, and agricultural industries; environmental protection; and as a key component in dressings for chronic wound healing. Notably, its antibacterial properties make it a promising candidate for novel biomaterials to replace traditional antibiotics and prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The primary aim of this study was the chemical cross-linking of chitosan with the amino acids L-aspartic and L-glutamic acid in the presence of periclase (magnesium oxide) under microwave radiation conditions. Subsequent research stages involved the analysis of the samples’ physicochemical properties using SEM, FT-IR, XPS, atomic absorption spectrometry, swelling behavior (in water, SBF, and blood), porosity, and density. Biological assessments included biodegradation, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The obtained results confirmed the high potential of the newly developed hemostatic agents for effective hemorrhage management under non-sterile conditions. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-044cb6f00b1847f484ef27cb77c7b26d2025-08-20T02:17:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01307149610.3390/molecules30071496Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and CrosslinkingJulia Radwan-Pragłowska0Paulina Bąk1Łukasz Janus2Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek3Piotr Radomski4Agnieszka Kramek5Justyna Gumieniak6Dariusz Bogdał7Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandThe Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. Kwiatkowskiego 4, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, PolandThe Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. Kwiatkowskiego 4, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, PolandExcessive blood loss is a leading cause of mortality among soldiers and accident victims. The wound healing process typically ranges from three weeks to several months, with disruptions in healing stages potentially prolonging recovery time. Chronic wounds may persist for years, creating a favorable environment for microbial growth. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin—the second most abundant biopolymer in nature—is obtained through deacetylation and exhibits mucoadhesive, analgesic, antioxidant, biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible properties. Due to its hemostatic and regenerative support capabilities, chitosan is widely applied in the food, cosmetic, and agricultural industries; environmental protection; and as a key component in dressings for chronic wound healing. Notably, its antibacterial properties make it a promising candidate for novel biomaterials to replace traditional antibiotics and prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The primary aim of this study was the chemical cross-linking of chitosan with the amino acids L-aspartic and L-glutamic acid in the presence of periclase (magnesium oxide) under microwave radiation conditions. Subsequent research stages involved the analysis of the samples’ physicochemical properties using SEM, FT-IR, XPS, atomic absorption spectrometry, swelling behavior (in water, SBF, and blood), porosity, and density. Biological assessments included biodegradation, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The obtained results confirmed the high potential of the newly developed hemostatic agents for effective hemorrhage management under non-sterile conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1496natural compoundschitosan biomaterialshemostatic agentsantibacterial effect |
| spellingShingle | Julia Radwan-Pragłowska Paulina Bąk Łukasz Janus Aleksandra Sierakowska-Byczek Piotr Radomski Agnieszka Kramek Justyna Gumieniak Dariusz Bogdał Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and Crosslinking Molecules natural compounds chitosan biomaterials hemostatic agents antibacterial effect |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and Crosslinking |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and Crosslinking |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and Crosslinking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and Crosslinking |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Oxide-Enhanced Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Gels with Antibacterial Properties: Role of Amino Acids and Crosslinking |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide enhanced chitosan based hemostatic gels with antibacterial properties role of amino acids and crosslinking |
| topic | natural compounds chitosan biomaterials hemostatic agents antibacterial effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/7/1496 |
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