Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006

BackgroundSarcopenia, defined as the progressive decline in muscular mass and physical power, poses significant health risks, particularly among aging populations.MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2001–2006, we employed multivariable Co...

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Main Authors: Chen Fu, Zhongxin Zhu, Yijie Mao, Wenjuan Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1562897/full
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author Chen Fu
Zhongxin Zhu
Yijie Mao
Wenjuan Wei
author_facet Chen Fu
Zhongxin Zhu
Yijie Mao
Wenjuan Wei
author_sort Chen Fu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundSarcopenia, defined as the progressive decline in muscular mass and physical power, poses significant health risks, particularly among aging populations.MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2001–2006, we employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and mortality outcomes, adjusting for multiple covariates. We additionally performed restricted cubic spline and threshold analyses using both linear and non-linear regression models to assess dose–response relationships and to explore the continuous effects of 25(OH)D on mortality outcomes. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were conducted to strengthen the reliability of our findings.ResultsA total of 1,666 participants diagnosed with sarcopenia were included in the analysis. Our results indicated a significant non-linear association between 25(OH)D concentration and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality. Notably, threshold analyses revealed inflection points at 62.563 nmol/L for all-cause mortality and 47.367 nmol/L for CVD mortality, suggesting a plateau in protective effects at higher vitamin D levels. Both stratified and sensitivity analyses revealed no significant interactions across different subgroups.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the importance of maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D concentration to mitigate mortality risk among sarcopenic individuals. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to establish optimal vitamin D concentration for health benefits.
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spelling doaj-art-04496d14d5614d7cb8ec6fde8b3747642025-08-20T03:49:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-05-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15628971562897Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006Chen Fu0Zhongxin Zhu1Yijie Mao2Wenjuan Wei3Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Scientific Research, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Training, Hangzhou Xiaoshan NO.4 Secondary Vocational School, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, ChinaBackgroundSarcopenia, defined as the progressive decline in muscular mass and physical power, poses significant health risks, particularly among aging populations.MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2001–2006, we employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and mortality outcomes, adjusting for multiple covariates. We additionally performed restricted cubic spline and threshold analyses using both linear and non-linear regression models to assess dose–response relationships and to explore the continuous effects of 25(OH)D on mortality outcomes. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were conducted to strengthen the reliability of our findings.ResultsA total of 1,666 participants diagnosed with sarcopenia were included in the analysis. Our results indicated a significant non-linear association between 25(OH)D concentration and both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality. Notably, threshold analyses revealed inflection points at 62.563 nmol/L for all-cause mortality and 47.367 nmol/L for CVD mortality, suggesting a plateau in protective effects at higher vitamin D levels. Both stratified and sensitivity analyses revealed no significant interactions across different subgroups.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the importance of maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D concentration to mitigate mortality risk among sarcopenic individuals. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and to establish optimal vitamin D concentration for health benefits.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1562897/full25(OH)Dsarcopeniamortalitycardiovascular riskNHANES
spellingShingle Chen Fu
Zhongxin Zhu
Yijie Mao
Wenjuan Wei
Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006
Frontiers in Nutrition
25(OH)D
sarcopenia
mortality
cardiovascular risk
NHANES
title Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006
title_full Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006
title_fullStr Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006
title_full_unstemmed Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006
title_short Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia: evidence from the NHANES 2001–2006
title_sort association of 25 hydroxyvitamin d with all cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia evidence from the nhanes 2001 2006
topic 25(OH)D
sarcopenia
mortality
cardiovascular risk
NHANES
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1562897/full
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