Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in China
Human activities at unprecedented levels have exacerbated the greenhouse effect and escalated the frequency of extreme weather. In response, the Chinese government has pledged to reach “carbon peak” by 2030 and achieve “carbon neutrality” by 2060. Leveraging the GOSAT L3 and L4B CO<sub>2</s...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Jiayi Zou Huaixu Jiang Tianshun Yang Liqing Wu Qi Zhang Jianjun Xu |
| author_facet | Jiayi Zou Huaixu Jiang Tianshun Yang Liqing Wu Qi Zhang Jianjun Xu |
| author_sort | Jiayi Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human activities at unprecedented levels have exacerbated the greenhouse effect and escalated the frequency of extreme weather. In response, the Chinese government has pledged to reach “carbon peak” by 2030 and achieve “carbon neutrality” by 2060. Leveraging the GOSAT L3 and L4B CO<sub>2</sub> datasets, this study investigated the spatiotemporal and vertical characteristics of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration across China, alongside quantifying the relative importance of key influencing factors. The results show that there is a distinct regional disparity in CO<sub>2</sub> column concentration, with eastern China having a higher concentration level (406.85 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) than the western regions (400.92 × 10<sup>−6</sup>). Vertically, the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> (390–420 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) reaches its peak at the near-surface layer (975 hPa) and then decreases with increasing altitude. High values of CO<sub>2</sub> levels in the mid-lower layer are concentrated in eastern China, while those in the upper layer are mainly located in southern China. In addition, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration shows seasonal variations, with the highest concentration occurring in spring (406.39 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) and the lowest in summer. Biospheric emissions and fossil fuel combustion emerge as the two most significant factors affecting CO<sub>2</sub> variation, with relative importance of 24% and 22%, respectively. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0448aba332aa46ba876ab80e115b4da62025-08-20T04:00:51ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011715254210.3390/rs17152542Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in ChinaJiayi Zou0Huaixu Jiang1Tianshun Yang2Liqing Wu3Qi Zhang4Jianjun Xu5Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, ChinaKey Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, ChinaHuman activities at unprecedented levels have exacerbated the greenhouse effect and escalated the frequency of extreme weather. In response, the Chinese government has pledged to reach “carbon peak” by 2030 and achieve “carbon neutrality” by 2060. Leveraging the GOSAT L3 and L4B CO<sub>2</sub> datasets, this study investigated the spatiotemporal and vertical characteristics of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration across China, alongside quantifying the relative importance of key influencing factors. The results show that there is a distinct regional disparity in CO<sub>2</sub> column concentration, with eastern China having a higher concentration level (406.85 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) than the western regions (400.92 × 10<sup>−6</sup>). Vertically, the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> (390–420 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) reaches its peak at the near-surface layer (975 hPa) and then decreases with increasing altitude. High values of CO<sub>2</sub> levels in the mid-lower layer are concentrated in eastern China, while those in the upper layer are mainly located in southern China. In addition, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration shows seasonal variations, with the highest concentration occurring in spring (406.39 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) and the lowest in summer. Biospheric emissions and fossil fuel combustion emerge as the two most significant factors affecting CO<sub>2</sub> variation, with relative importance of 24% and 22%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2542GOSATCO<sub>2</sub>spatiotemporal characteristicsvertical distributioninfluencing factors |
| spellingShingle | Jiayi Zou Huaixu Jiang Tianshun Yang Liqing Wu Qi Zhang Jianjun Xu Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in China Remote Sensing GOSAT CO<sub>2</sub> spatiotemporal characteristics vertical distribution influencing factors |
| title | Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in China |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in China |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in China |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Characteristics of and Factors Influencing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration During 2010–2023 in China |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal characteristics of and factors influencing co sub 2 sub concentration during 2010 2023 in china |
| topic | GOSAT CO<sub>2</sub> spatiotemporal characteristics vertical distribution influencing factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/15/2542 |
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