Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteine

N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of glutathione and a natural antioxidant. It is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to dissolve thick bronchial mucus. A novel, simple, reproducible, and rapid kinetic spectrophotometric method for determining NAC in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed...

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Main Authors: Maja Biočić Šormaz, Tomislav Kraljević, Lea Kukoč-Modun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Croatian Society of Chemical Engineers 2025-05-01
Series:Kemija u Industriji
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Online Access:http://silverstripe.fkit.hr/kui/assets/Uploads/3-209-217-KUI-5-6-2025.pdf
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author Maja Biočić Šormaz
Tomislav Kraljević
Lea Kukoč-Modun
author_facet Maja Biočić Šormaz
Tomislav Kraljević
Lea Kukoč-Modun
author_sort Maja Biočić Šormaz
collection DOAJ
description N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of glutathione and a natural antioxidant. It is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to dissolve thick bronchial mucus. A novel, simple, reproducible, and rapid kinetic spectrophotometric method for determining NAC in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. The method is based on a redox reaction where NAC reduces bis(bathocuproinedisulfonate)cuprate(II), forming a yellow-orange complex of bis(bathocuproinedisulfonate)cuprate(I). The resulting stable complex exhibited maximum absorbance at λ = 483 nm. Under optimised chemical reaction parameters, both the fixed-time and initial-rate methods were used to generate calibration curves. For the fixed-time method, the curve was linear in the concentration range of 3.0 · 10−7 to 7.0 · 10−5 mol l−1, with the equation y = 13140x − 0.0005 and a coefficient of determination of R2= 0.9999. For the initial-rate method, the curve was linear in the concentration range of 7.0 · 10−7 to 7.0 · 10−5 mol l−1 with the equation y = 1.040x + 3.220 and R2 = 0.9991. The slope of the logarithmic form of the calibration curve (1.040) for the initial-rate method confirmed the pseudo-first order nature of the reaction. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of NAC in commercial pharmaceutical preparations, yielding results comparable to those obtained using the recommended method according to the pharmacopoeia.
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spelling doaj-art-04472caa2d364e99854d292d7e5155382025-08-20T02:30:47ZengCroatian Society of Chemical EngineersKemija u Industriji0022-98301334-90902025-05-01745-620921710.15255/KUI.2024.046Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteineMaja Biočić Šormaz0Tomislav Kraljević1Lea Kukoč-Modun2Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Rudjera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, CroatiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Matice hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDepartment of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Rudjera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, CroatiaN-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of glutathione and a natural antioxidant. It is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to dissolve thick bronchial mucus. A novel, simple, reproducible, and rapid kinetic spectrophotometric method for determining NAC in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. The method is based on a redox reaction where NAC reduces bis(bathocuproinedisulfonate)cuprate(II), forming a yellow-orange complex of bis(bathocuproinedisulfonate)cuprate(I). The resulting stable complex exhibited maximum absorbance at λ = 483 nm. Under optimised chemical reaction parameters, both the fixed-time and initial-rate methods were used to generate calibration curves. For the fixed-time method, the curve was linear in the concentration range of 3.0 · 10−7 to 7.0 · 10−5 mol l−1, with the equation y = 13140x − 0.0005 and a coefficient of determination of R2= 0.9999. For the initial-rate method, the curve was linear in the concentration range of 7.0 · 10−7 to 7.0 · 10−5 mol l−1 with the equation y = 1.040x + 3.220 and R2 = 0.9991. The slope of the logarithmic form of the calibration curve (1.040) for the initial-rate method confirmed the pseudo-first order nature of the reaction. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of NAC in commercial pharmaceutical preparations, yielding results comparable to those obtained using the recommended method according to the pharmacopoeia.http://silverstripe.fkit.hr/kui/assets/Uploads/3-209-217-KUI-5-6-2025.pdfkineticsspectrophotometryn-acetyl-l-cysteinebathocuproine disulfonateredox reaction
spellingShingle Maja Biočić Šormaz
Tomislav Kraljević
Lea Kukoč-Modun
Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteine
Kemija u Industriji
kinetics
spectrophotometry
n-acetyl-l-cysteine
bathocuproine disulfonate
redox reaction
title Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteine
title_full Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteine
title_fullStr Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteine
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteine
title_short Development and Validation of a Novel Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for Determining N-acetyl-L-cysteine
title_sort development and validation of a novel kinetic spectrophotometric method for determining n acetyl l cysteine
topic kinetics
spectrophotometry
n-acetyl-l-cysteine
bathocuproine disulfonate
redox reaction
url http://silverstripe.fkit.hr/kui/assets/Uploads/3-209-217-KUI-5-6-2025.pdf
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AT tomislavkraljevic developmentandvalidationofanovelkineticspectrophotometricmethodfordeterminingnacetyllcysteine
AT leakukocmodun developmentandvalidationofanovelkineticspectrophotometricmethodfordeterminingnacetyllcysteine