High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States

Abstract Soil moisture (SM) spatiotemporal variability critically influences water resources, agriculture, and climate. However, besides site‐specific studies, little is known about how SM varies locally (1–100‐m scale). Consequently, quantifying the SM variability and its impact on the Earth system...

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Main Authors: Noemi Vergopolan, Justin Sheffield, Nathaniel W. Chaney, Ming Pan, Hylke E. Beck, Craig R. Ferguson, Laura Torres‐Rojas, Felix Eigenbrod, Wade Crow, Eric F. Wood
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-08-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098586
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author Noemi Vergopolan
Justin Sheffield
Nathaniel W. Chaney
Ming Pan
Hylke E. Beck
Craig R. Ferguson
Laura Torres‐Rojas
Felix Eigenbrod
Wade Crow
Eric F. Wood
author_facet Noemi Vergopolan
Justin Sheffield
Nathaniel W. Chaney
Ming Pan
Hylke E. Beck
Craig R. Ferguson
Laura Torres‐Rojas
Felix Eigenbrod
Wade Crow
Eric F. Wood
author_sort Noemi Vergopolan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Soil moisture (SM) spatiotemporal variability critically influences water resources, agriculture, and climate. However, besides site‐specific studies, little is known about how SM varies locally (1–100‐m scale). Consequently, quantifying the SM variability and its impact on the Earth system remains a long‐standing challenge in hydrology. We reveal the striking variability of local‐scale SM across the United States using SMAP‐HydroBlocks — a novel satellite‐based surface SM data set at 30‐m resolution. Results show how the complex interplay of SM with landscape characteristics and hydroclimate is primarily driven by local variations in soil properties. This local‐scale complexity yields a remarkable and unique multi‐scale behavior at each location. However, very little of this complexity persists across spatial scales. Experiments reveal that on average 48% and up to 80% of the SM spatial information is lost at the 1‐km resolution, with complete loss expected at the scale of current state‐of‐the‐art SM monitoring and modeling systems (1–25 km resolution).
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-0440addfdc2c4b988a4b03df5603b2b62025-08-20T03:10:20ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072022-08-014915n/an/a10.1029/2022GL098586High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United StatesNoemi Vergopolan0Justin Sheffield1Nathaniel W. Chaney2Ming Pan3Hylke E. Beck4Craig R. Ferguson5Laura Torres‐Rojas6Felix Eigenbrod7Wade Crow8Eric F. Wood9Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USASchool of Geography and Environmental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UKDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Durham NC USACenter for Western Weather and Water Extremes Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego CA USAEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra ItalyAtmospheric Sciences Research Center University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Durham NC USASchool of Geography and Environmental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UKUSDA Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory Beltsville MD USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USAAbstract Soil moisture (SM) spatiotemporal variability critically influences water resources, agriculture, and climate. However, besides site‐specific studies, little is known about how SM varies locally (1–100‐m scale). Consequently, quantifying the SM variability and its impact on the Earth system remains a long‐standing challenge in hydrology. We reveal the striking variability of local‐scale SM across the United States using SMAP‐HydroBlocks — a novel satellite‐based surface SM data set at 30‐m resolution. Results show how the complex interplay of SM with landscape characteristics and hydroclimate is primarily driven by local variations in soil properties. This local‐scale complexity yields a remarkable and unique multi‐scale behavior at each location. However, very little of this complexity persists across spatial scales. Experiments reveal that on average 48% and up to 80% of the SM spatial information is lost at the 1‐km resolution, with complete loss expected at the scale of current state‐of‐the‐art SM monitoring and modeling systems (1–25 km resolution).https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098586soil moisturelandscapeheterogeneityscalingspatial variabilityhyper‐resolution
spellingShingle Noemi Vergopolan
Justin Sheffield
Nathaniel W. Chaney
Ming Pan
Hylke E. Beck
Craig R. Ferguson
Laura Torres‐Rojas
Felix Eigenbrod
Wade Crow
Eric F. Wood
High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
Geophysical Research Letters
soil moisture
landscape
heterogeneity
scaling
spatial variability
hyper‐resolution
title High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
title_full High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
title_fullStr High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
title_full_unstemmed High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
title_short High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
title_sort high resolution soil moisture data reveal complex multi scale spatial variability across the united states
topic soil moisture
landscape
heterogeneity
scaling
spatial variability
hyper‐resolution
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098586
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