The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines

A comparative medicine approach, whereby similarities and differences in biology between human and veterinary species are used to enhance understanding for the benefit of both, is highly relevant to the development of viral vaccines. Human and equine influenza share many similarities in pathogenesis...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek, Janet M. Daly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Zoonotic Diseases
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/21
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850238275372974080
author Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek
Janet M. Daly
author_facet Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek
Janet M. Daly
author_sort Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek
collection DOAJ
description A comparative medicine approach, whereby similarities and differences in biology between human and veterinary species are used to enhance understanding for the benefit of both, is highly relevant to the development of viral vaccines. Human and equine influenza share many similarities in pathogenesis and immune responses. The DNA vaccine approach offers potential advantages for responding rapidly and effectively to outbreaks or pandemics in both humans and animals, especially in under-resourced regions. The European and American vaccine regulatory authorities require demonstration of vaccine efficacy in animal models. However, mice, the most widely used model, are not naturally infected with influenza viruses, resulting in different pathobiology. Additionally, mice as a model for DNA vaccine testing appear to overestimate the humoral immune response compared to other mammalian species. In this review, we propose that testing of DNA vaccines against influenza type A viruses (and other shared pathogens) in the horse can provide valuable knowledge for the development of human DNA vaccines.
format Article
id doaj-art-043f278d4ae248db9a27dfba028b8d24
institution OA Journals
issn 2813-0227
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Zoonotic Diseases
spelling doaj-art-043f278d4ae248db9a27dfba028b8d242025-08-20T02:01:29ZengMDPI AGZoonotic Diseases2813-02272024-10-014424525810.3390/zoonoticdis4040021The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA VaccinesAhmed F. Abdelkhalek0Janet M. Daly1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptOne Virology-Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UKA comparative medicine approach, whereby similarities and differences in biology between human and veterinary species are used to enhance understanding for the benefit of both, is highly relevant to the development of viral vaccines. Human and equine influenza share many similarities in pathogenesis and immune responses. The DNA vaccine approach offers potential advantages for responding rapidly and effectively to outbreaks or pandemics in both humans and animals, especially in under-resourced regions. The European and American vaccine regulatory authorities require demonstration of vaccine efficacy in animal models. However, mice, the most widely used model, are not naturally infected with influenza viruses, resulting in different pathobiology. Additionally, mice as a model for DNA vaccine testing appear to overestimate the humoral immune response compared to other mammalian species. In this review, we propose that testing of DNA vaccines against influenza type A viruses (and other shared pathogens) in the horse can provide valuable knowledge for the development of human DNA vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/21DNA vaccinesanimal modelequineinfluenza virusimmune system
spellingShingle Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek
Janet M. Daly
The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines
Zoonotic Diseases
DNA vaccines
animal model
equine
influenza virus
immune system
title The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines
title_full The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines
title_fullStr The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines
title_full_unstemmed The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines
title_short The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines
title_sort value of a comparative approach with equine vaccine development for the development of human influenza dna vaccines
topic DNA vaccines
animal model
equine
influenza virus
immune system
url https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/21
work_keys_str_mv AT ahmedfabdelkhalek thevalueofacomparativeapproachwithequinevaccinedevelopmentforthedevelopmentofhumaninfluenzadnavaccines
AT janetmdaly thevalueofacomparativeapproachwithequinevaccinedevelopmentforthedevelopmentofhumaninfluenzadnavaccines
AT ahmedfabdelkhalek valueofacomparativeapproachwithequinevaccinedevelopmentforthedevelopmentofhumaninfluenzadnavaccines
AT janetmdaly valueofacomparativeapproachwithequinevaccinedevelopmentforthedevelopmentofhumaninfluenzadnavaccines