The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines
A comparative medicine approach, whereby similarities and differences in biology between human and veterinary species are used to enhance understanding for the benefit of both, is highly relevant to the development of viral vaccines. Human and equine influenza share many similarities in pathogenesis...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Zoonotic Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/21 |
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| author | Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek Janet M. Daly |
| author_facet | Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek Janet M. Daly |
| author_sort | Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A comparative medicine approach, whereby similarities and differences in biology between human and veterinary species are used to enhance understanding for the benefit of both, is highly relevant to the development of viral vaccines. Human and equine influenza share many similarities in pathogenesis and immune responses. The DNA vaccine approach offers potential advantages for responding rapidly and effectively to outbreaks or pandemics in both humans and animals, especially in under-resourced regions. The European and American vaccine regulatory authorities require demonstration of vaccine efficacy in animal models. However, mice, the most widely used model, are not naturally infected with influenza viruses, resulting in different pathobiology. Additionally, mice as a model for DNA vaccine testing appear to overestimate the humoral immune response compared to other mammalian species. In this review, we propose that testing of DNA vaccines against influenza type A viruses (and other shared pathogens) in the horse can provide valuable knowledge for the development of human DNA vaccines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-043f278d4ae248db9a27dfba028b8d24 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2813-0227 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Zoonotic Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-043f278d4ae248db9a27dfba028b8d242025-08-20T02:01:29ZengMDPI AGZoonotic Diseases2813-02272024-10-014424525810.3390/zoonoticdis4040021The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA VaccinesAhmed F. Abdelkhalek0Janet M. Daly1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, EgyptOne Virology-Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UKA comparative medicine approach, whereby similarities and differences in biology between human and veterinary species are used to enhance understanding for the benefit of both, is highly relevant to the development of viral vaccines. Human and equine influenza share many similarities in pathogenesis and immune responses. The DNA vaccine approach offers potential advantages for responding rapidly and effectively to outbreaks or pandemics in both humans and animals, especially in under-resourced regions. The European and American vaccine regulatory authorities require demonstration of vaccine efficacy in animal models. However, mice, the most widely used model, are not naturally infected with influenza viruses, resulting in different pathobiology. Additionally, mice as a model for DNA vaccine testing appear to overestimate the humoral immune response compared to other mammalian species. In this review, we propose that testing of DNA vaccines against influenza type A viruses (and other shared pathogens) in the horse can provide valuable knowledge for the development of human DNA vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/21DNA vaccinesanimal modelequineinfluenza virusimmune system |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed F. Abdelkhalek Janet M. Daly The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines Zoonotic Diseases DNA vaccines animal model equine influenza virus immune system |
| title | The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines |
| title_full | The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines |
| title_short | The Value of a Comparative Approach with Equine Vaccine Development for the Development of Human Influenza DNA Vaccines |
| title_sort | value of a comparative approach with equine vaccine development for the development of human influenza dna vaccines |
| topic | DNA vaccines animal model equine influenza virus immune system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2813-0227/4/4/21 |
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