Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study

Abstract Background This prospective study aims to investigate the comparative effects of clear aligners (CA) and traditional removable appliances (RA) on the cariogenic risk of patients in mixed dentition, focusing on the oral microbiome. Methods 25 children were included and assigned into CA and R...

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Main Authors: Wanxi Chen, Jiajun Chen, Ding Bai, Peiqi Wang, Rui Shu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-10-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05063-2
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author Wanxi Chen
Jiajun Chen
Ding Bai
Peiqi Wang
Rui Shu
author_facet Wanxi Chen
Jiajun Chen
Ding Bai
Peiqi Wang
Rui Shu
author_sort Wanxi Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This prospective study aims to investigate the comparative effects of clear aligners (CA) and traditional removable appliances (RA) on the cariogenic risk of patients in mixed dentition, focusing on the oral microbiome. Methods 25 children were included and assigned into CA and RA groups. Supragingival plaque and saliva samples were collected, and clinical parameters including Decay-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT), Plaque Index (PI) and Gorelick Index (GI) were recorded before treatment (T0) and after 6-month follow-up (T1). DNA was extracted from supragingival plaque and saliva and analyzed via 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results Clinical parameters showed no statistically significant difference between groups at each time point or within group over time (p > 0.05). In both RA and CA groups, saliva exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity compared to supragingival plaque at T1, as indicated by the significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon indexes (p < 0.05). Regarding beta diversity, significant difference was observed in saliva and supragingival plaque samples between T0 and T1 within group RA (p < 0.05, Adonis), whereas no such significance was noted in the CA group (p > 0.05, Adonis). At the genus level, Lactobacillus exhibited a statistically significant increase in saliva and supragingival plaque of group RA from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05), and an increasing trend in the group CA without statistical significance (p > 0.05). At T1, Lactobacillus levels were comparable between groups, whereas species-level analysis revealed distinct cariogenic species. Conclusion Both clear aligners and traditional removable appliances resulted in elevated cariogenic risk of patients in mixed dentition at the microbial level. Distinct alterations in cariogenic species were observed to be induced by various orthodontic appliances.
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spelling doaj-art-043ded6ae7c145628dfa6b221f32c4612025-08-20T02:11:55ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312024-10-0124111210.1186/s12903-024-05063-2Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative studyWanxi Chen0Jiajun Chen1Ding Bai2Peiqi Wang3Rui Shu4State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Background This prospective study aims to investigate the comparative effects of clear aligners (CA) and traditional removable appliances (RA) on the cariogenic risk of patients in mixed dentition, focusing on the oral microbiome. Methods 25 children were included and assigned into CA and RA groups. Supragingival plaque and saliva samples were collected, and clinical parameters including Decay-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT), Plaque Index (PI) and Gorelick Index (GI) were recorded before treatment (T0) and after 6-month follow-up (T1). DNA was extracted from supragingival plaque and saliva and analyzed via 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results Clinical parameters showed no statistically significant difference between groups at each time point or within group over time (p > 0.05). In both RA and CA groups, saliva exhibited significantly higher alpha diversity compared to supragingival plaque at T1, as indicated by the significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon indexes (p < 0.05). Regarding beta diversity, significant difference was observed in saliva and supragingival plaque samples between T0 and T1 within group RA (p < 0.05, Adonis), whereas no such significance was noted in the CA group (p > 0.05, Adonis). At the genus level, Lactobacillus exhibited a statistically significant increase in saliva and supragingival plaque of group RA from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05), and an increasing trend in the group CA without statistical significance (p > 0.05). At T1, Lactobacillus levels were comparable between groups, whereas species-level analysis revealed distinct cariogenic species. Conclusion Both clear aligners and traditional removable appliances resulted in elevated cariogenic risk of patients in mixed dentition at the microbial level. Distinct alterations in cariogenic species were observed to be induced by various orthodontic appliances.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05063-2Clear aligner applianceRemovable orthodontic applianceDental cariesMixed dentitionInterceptive orthodonticsOral microbiota
spellingShingle Wanxi Chen
Jiajun Chen
Ding Bai
Peiqi Wang
Rui Shu
Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study
BMC Oral Health
Clear aligner appliance
Removable orthodontic appliance
Dental caries
Mixed dentition
Interceptive orthodontics
Oral microbiota
title Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study
title_full Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study
title_fullStr Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study
title_short Effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition: a comparative study
title_sort effects of clear aligners and traditional removable appliances on oral microbiome in mixed dentition a comparative study
topic Clear aligner appliance
Removable orthodontic appliance
Dental caries
Mixed dentition
Interceptive orthodontics
Oral microbiota
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05063-2
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AT dingbai effectsofclearalignersandtraditionalremovableappliancesonoralmicrobiomeinmixeddentitionacomparativestudy
AT peiqiwang effectsofclearalignersandtraditionalremovableappliancesonoralmicrobiomeinmixeddentitionacomparativestudy
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