Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable Crops
Verticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> causes severe losses to a broad range of economically important crops worldwide. Chemical disease management is ineffective; thus, alternative control strategies are needed. Olive-producing countries face the c...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Stefanos K. Soultatos Anastasia Chatzaki Panagiotis A. Karas Anastasia A. Papadaki Georgios S. Kalantzakis Georgios Psarras Dimitrios E. Goumas Dimitrios G. Karpouzas Emmanouil A. Markakis |
| author_facet | Stefanos K. Soultatos Anastasia Chatzaki Panagiotis A. Karas Anastasia A. Papadaki Georgios S. Kalantzakis Georgios Psarras Dimitrios E. Goumas Dimitrios G. Karpouzas Emmanouil A. Markakis |
| author_sort | Stefanos K. Soultatos |
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| description | Verticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> causes severe losses to a broad range of economically important crops worldwide. Chemical disease management is ineffective; thus, alternative control strategies are needed. Olive-producing countries face the challenge of managing olive mill wastewater (OMW) in an environmentally friendly and agronomically beneficial manner. The proper use of OMW supported by scientific research has been proposed as a valuable means for successful disease management. In this respect, we tested whether soil application of raw OMW can protect vegetable crops against <i>V. dahliae</i> and investigated the potential disease-suppressive mechanisms. OMW inhibited significantly fungal growth, sporulation, hyphae width, and conidial and microsclerotial germination <i>in vitro</i>, and these effects were dose-dependent. Moreover, the addition of OMW in the soil provided sufficient protection of eggplant and tomato against <i>V. dahliae</i> in planta. The high OMW-conferred protection of eggplant was gradually decreased, possibly due to the decreased phenolic content in OMW over time. Bioassays with sterilized soil substrate and OMW, along with isolated microbial strains, revealed that soil- and OMW-originated microbes had no role in disease suppression. Moreover, split-root set-ups suggested a non-systemic OMW-induced resistance mechanism. Root-drench application of OMW in eggplant and tomato plants did not cause significant alterations in the structure of the plant microbiome that could be associated with disease suppressiveness. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-04335b9dbc5d4c3aadafb5101c9ff1cb2025-08-20T01:48:49ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-0114686710.3390/plants14060867Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable CropsStefanos K. Soultatos0Anastasia Chatzaki1Panagiotis A. Karas2Anastasia A. Papadaki3Georgios S. Kalantzakis4Georgios Psarras5Dimitrios E. Goumas6Dimitrios G. Karpouzas7Emmanouil A. Markakis8Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceInstitute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Agrokipio, 73100 Chania, GreeceDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larisa, GreeceInstitute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Agrokipio, 73100 Chania, GreeceInstitute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Agrokipio, 73100 Chania, GreeceInstitute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, Agrokipio, 73100 Chania, GreeceDepartment of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larisa, GreeceDepartment of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, GreeceVerticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> causes severe losses to a broad range of economically important crops worldwide. Chemical disease management is ineffective; thus, alternative control strategies are needed. Olive-producing countries face the challenge of managing olive mill wastewater (OMW) in an environmentally friendly and agronomically beneficial manner. The proper use of OMW supported by scientific research has been proposed as a valuable means for successful disease management. In this respect, we tested whether soil application of raw OMW can protect vegetable crops against <i>V. dahliae</i> and investigated the potential disease-suppressive mechanisms. OMW inhibited significantly fungal growth, sporulation, hyphae width, and conidial and microsclerotial germination <i>in vitro</i>, and these effects were dose-dependent. Moreover, the addition of OMW in the soil provided sufficient protection of eggplant and tomato against <i>V. dahliae</i> in planta. The high OMW-conferred protection of eggplant was gradually decreased, possibly due to the decreased phenolic content in OMW over time. Bioassays with sterilized soil substrate and OMW, along with isolated microbial strains, revealed that soil- and OMW-originated microbes had no role in disease suppression. Moreover, split-root set-ups suggested a non-systemic OMW-induced resistance mechanism. Root-drench application of OMW in eggplant and tomato plants did not cause significant alterations in the structure of the plant microbiome that could be associated with disease suppressiveness.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/867bioassaysdisease suppressionmicrobiomeprotectionverticillium wilt |
| spellingShingle | Stefanos K. Soultatos Anastasia Chatzaki Panagiotis A. Karas Anastasia A. Papadaki Georgios S. Kalantzakis Georgios Psarras Dimitrios E. Goumas Dimitrios G. Karpouzas Emmanouil A. Markakis Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable Crops Plants bioassays disease suppression microbiome protection verticillium wilt |
| title | Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable Crops |
| title_full | Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable Crops |
| title_fullStr | Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable Crops |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable Crops |
| title_short | Biocontrol Potential of Raw Olive Mill Waste Against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> in Vegetable Crops |
| title_sort | biocontrol potential of raw olive mill waste against i verticillium dahliae i in vegetable crops |
| topic | bioassays disease suppression microbiome protection verticillium wilt |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/867 |
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