Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends

Abstract This study investigates an innovative approach by utilizing biodiesel derived from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) to evaluate its impact on engine performance, combustion dynamics, and emissions characteristics. It examines the effects of blending Pentanol with WCO-based biodiesel in a Common Rail...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: M. Selvam, N. Pragadish, K. A. Harish, R. Ganapathy Srinivasan, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Nandagopal Kaliappan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98462-6
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849314679050993664
author M. Selvam
N. Pragadish
K. A. Harish
R. Ganapathy Srinivasan
Yuvarajan Devarajan
Nandagopal Kaliappan
author_facet M. Selvam
N. Pragadish
K. A. Harish
R. Ganapathy Srinivasan
Yuvarajan Devarajan
Nandagopal Kaliappan
author_sort M. Selvam
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates an innovative approach by utilizing biodiesel derived from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) to evaluate its impact on engine performance, combustion dynamics, and emissions characteristics. It examines the effects of blending Pentanol with WCO-based biodiesel in a Common Rail Direct Injection engine, maintaining a constant injection timing of 23° before Top Dead Center and a compression ratio of 17.5:1. The analysis covers various fuel compositions, including pure diesel (D100), 30% WCO-biodiesel (B30), 30% WCO-biodiesel with 10% Pentanol (B30 + P10), 30% WCO-biodiesel with 20% Pentanol (B30 + P20), 40% WCO-biodiesel (B40), 40% WCO-biodiesel with 10% Pentanol (B40 + P10), and 40% WCO-biodiesel with 20% Pentanol (B40 + P20), under varying load conditions. The results reveal that WCO-derived biodiesel blends demonstrate notable improvements in combustion and emission metrics. The B30 + P20 blend stands out, delivering a 9.9% increase in brake thermal efficiency, a 10.5% reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and a 12.6% improvement in volumetric efficiency compared to pure diesel. Additionally, this blend enhances the heat release rate and cylinder pressure by 4.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Emission reductions are substantial, with CO, HC, and NOX emissions decreasing by 31.75%, 20.28%, and 14.82%, respectively, when compared to other biodiesel blends. This research underscores Pentanol-enhanced WCO-biodiesel blends as a sustainable and efficient alternative for automotive applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-042fe1a3ee6b437e815ee946ecf7408b
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-042fe1a3ee6b437e815ee946ecf7408b2025-08-20T03:52:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-98462-6Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blendsM. Selvam0N. Pragadish1K. A. Harish2R. Ganapathy Srinivasan3Yuvarajan Devarajan4Nandagopal Kaliappan5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering CollegeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering CollegeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr Rangarajan Dr Sakunthala Engineering CollegeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya UniversityAbstract This study investigates an innovative approach by utilizing biodiesel derived from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) to evaluate its impact on engine performance, combustion dynamics, and emissions characteristics. It examines the effects of blending Pentanol with WCO-based biodiesel in a Common Rail Direct Injection engine, maintaining a constant injection timing of 23° before Top Dead Center and a compression ratio of 17.5:1. The analysis covers various fuel compositions, including pure diesel (D100), 30% WCO-biodiesel (B30), 30% WCO-biodiesel with 10% Pentanol (B30 + P10), 30% WCO-biodiesel with 20% Pentanol (B30 + P20), 40% WCO-biodiesel (B40), 40% WCO-biodiesel with 10% Pentanol (B40 + P10), and 40% WCO-biodiesel with 20% Pentanol (B40 + P20), under varying load conditions. The results reveal that WCO-derived biodiesel blends demonstrate notable improvements in combustion and emission metrics. The B30 + P20 blend stands out, delivering a 9.9% increase in brake thermal efficiency, a 10.5% reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and a 12.6% improvement in volumetric efficiency compared to pure diesel. Additionally, this blend enhances the heat release rate and cylinder pressure by 4.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Emission reductions are substantial, with CO, HC, and NOX emissions decreasing by 31.75%, 20.28%, and 14.82%, respectively, when compared to other biodiesel blends. This research underscores Pentanol-enhanced WCO-biodiesel blends as a sustainable and efficient alternative for automotive applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98462-6Alternative fuelsDiesel engineWaste-to-energyPentanolEmissions
spellingShingle M. Selvam
N. Pragadish
K. A. Harish
R. Ganapathy Srinivasan
Yuvarajan Devarajan
Nandagopal Kaliappan
Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends
Scientific Reports
Alternative fuels
Diesel engine
Waste-to-energy
Pentanol
Emissions
title Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends
title_full Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends
title_fullStr Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends
title_full_unstemmed Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends
title_short Investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a CRDI engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends
title_sort investigating emission characteristics and combustion performance of a crdi engine utilizing novel biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and pentanol blends
topic Alternative fuels
Diesel engine
Waste-to-energy
Pentanol
Emissions
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98462-6
work_keys_str_mv AT mselvam investigatingemissioncharacteristicsandcombustionperformanceofacrdiengineutilizingnovelbiodieselderivedfromwastecookingoilandpentanolblends
AT npragadish investigatingemissioncharacteristicsandcombustionperformanceofacrdiengineutilizingnovelbiodieselderivedfromwastecookingoilandpentanolblends
AT kaharish investigatingemissioncharacteristicsandcombustionperformanceofacrdiengineutilizingnovelbiodieselderivedfromwastecookingoilandpentanolblends
AT rganapathysrinivasan investigatingemissioncharacteristicsandcombustionperformanceofacrdiengineutilizingnovelbiodieselderivedfromwastecookingoilandpentanolblends
AT yuvarajandevarajan investigatingemissioncharacteristicsandcombustionperformanceofacrdiengineutilizingnovelbiodieselderivedfromwastecookingoilandpentanolblends
AT nandagopalkaliappan investigatingemissioncharacteristicsandcombustionperformanceofacrdiengineutilizingnovelbiodieselderivedfromwastecookingoilandpentanolblends