IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Abstract Background Eosinophilic chronic frontal sinusitis is difficult to treat compared with non-eosinophilic sinusitis because of recurring inflammation and polyp formation in the frontal recess after the post-operative follow-up period. Studying inflammatory mediators in the frontal recess of eo...
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SAGE Publishing
2017-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40463-017-0214-2 |
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| author | Kazunori Kubota Sachio Takeno Takayuki Taruya Atsushi Sasaki Takashi Ishino Katsuhiro Hirakawa |
| author_facet | Kazunori Kubota Sachio Takeno Takayuki Taruya Atsushi Sasaki Takashi Ishino Katsuhiro Hirakawa |
| author_sort | Kazunori Kubota |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Eosinophilic chronic frontal sinusitis is difficult to treat compared with non-eosinophilic sinusitis because of recurring inflammation and polyp formation in the frontal recess after the post-operative follow-up period. Studying inflammatory mediators in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (non-ECRS) patients may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic frontal sinusitis. Methods Homogenates of sinonasal mucosa from 20 non-ECRS patients and 36 ECRS patients were measured for levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using real-time RT-PCR and TaqMan gene expression assays. Sinonasal mucosal specimens were obtained from the frontal recess, ethmoid sinus, and nasal polyp separately. Results The expression of IL-5 was significantly elevated in all sinonasal regions tested in the ECRS group, but absent in non-ECRS patients. Furthermore, the ECRS patients showed significantly increased levels of IL-5 in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa. IL-6 was also significantly increased in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa and nasal polyps in these patients. There were no significant differences in the levels of TGF-β or iNOS between the ECRS and non-ECRS groups in any sinonasal region tested. Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the cytokine milieu in the frontal recess of ECRS patients. We should keep these cytokine profiles in mind when we treat ECRS patients with frontal sinusitis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-041b5a6288264e0390b0d7436465c19e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1916-0216 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-05-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-041b5a6288264e0390b0d7436465c19e2025-01-03T01:45:57ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery1916-02162017-05-014611710.1186/s40463-017-0214-2IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patientsKazunori Kubota0Sachio Takeno1Takayuki Taruya2Atsushi Sasaki3Takashi Ishino4Katsuhiro Hirakawa5Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Clinical Medical Science, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityAbstract Background Eosinophilic chronic frontal sinusitis is difficult to treat compared with non-eosinophilic sinusitis because of recurring inflammation and polyp formation in the frontal recess after the post-operative follow-up period. Studying inflammatory mediators in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (non-ECRS) patients may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic frontal sinusitis. Methods Homogenates of sinonasal mucosa from 20 non-ECRS patients and 36 ECRS patients were measured for levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using real-time RT-PCR and TaqMan gene expression assays. Sinonasal mucosal specimens were obtained from the frontal recess, ethmoid sinus, and nasal polyp separately. Results The expression of IL-5 was significantly elevated in all sinonasal regions tested in the ECRS group, but absent in non-ECRS patients. Furthermore, the ECRS patients showed significantly increased levels of IL-5 in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa. IL-6 was also significantly increased in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa and nasal polyps in these patients. There were no significant differences in the levels of TGF-β or iNOS between the ECRS and non-ECRS groups in any sinonasal region tested. Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the cytokine milieu in the frontal recess of ECRS patients. We should keep these cytokine profiles in mind when we treat ECRS patients with frontal sinusitis.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40463-017-0214-2Frontal recessEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitisIL-5IL-6 |
| spellingShingle | Kazunori Kubota Sachio Takeno Takayuki Taruya Atsushi Sasaki Takashi Ishino Katsuhiro Hirakawa IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Frontal recess Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis IL-5 IL-6 |
| title | IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients |
| title_full | IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients |
| title_fullStr | IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients |
| title_short | IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients |
| title_sort | il 5 and il 6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients |
| topic | Frontal recess Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis IL-5 IL-6 |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40463-017-0214-2 |
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