Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric Citrate
This study investigated the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors by pre-modifying thick birch biochar monoliths with FeCl<sub>3</sub> or C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> solutions prior to wood pyrolysis. The pre-modification introduc...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Ziyue Song Tianjie Feng Donald W. Kirk Charles Q. Jia |
| author_facet | Ziyue Song Tianjie Feng Donald W. Kirk Charles Q. Jia |
| author_sort | Ziyue Song |
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| description | This study investigated the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors by pre-modifying thick birch biochar monoliths with FeCl<sub>3</sub> or C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> solutions prior to wood pyrolysis. The pre-modification introduced iron species to the surface, promoting the specific surface area, charge-stored species, and surface functionalities, which enhanced the gravimetric capacitance. X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful loading of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Fe. SEM implied the wider distribution of iron-rich particulates and porous carbon via self-pyrolysis on the biochar surface modified with 1.0 M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub>. Contact angle measurements demonstrated the enhanced wettability of the biochar surfaces following pre-modification, with the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub>-modified samples exhibiting superior wettability compared to the other groups. The gravimetric capacitance of the supercapacitor was dramatically promoted and reached 210 F/g and 219 F/g, respectively, when modified with 1.0M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> and 1.0 M FeCl<sub>3</sub> at a 5 mA/g current density. Compared to the birch biochar modified with 1.0 M FeCl<sub>3</sub>, the 1.0 M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> had a higher current response peak and capacitive behavior in the CV analysis, demonstrated better ion diffusion capacity, and had lower charge-transfer resistance in the EIS results. But, a slight irreversible process on the electrode of the 1.0 M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> group led to a lower level of the supercapacitor capacitance retention. The results using ferric solution pre-impregnation show how iron species doping can improve capacitance behavior, providing a feasible scheme for the modification of thick biochar monolith. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-04169cbd1d9345048e8d23776dc0f7ea |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-04169cbd1d9345048e8d23776dc0f7ea2025-08-20T03:12:10ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-01-011124710.3390/batteries11020047Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric CitrateZiyue Song0Tianjie Feng1Donald W. Kirk2Charles Q. Jia3The Green Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, CanadaThe Green Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, CanadaThe Green Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, CanadaThe Green Technology Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, CanadaThis study investigated the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors by pre-modifying thick birch biochar monoliths with FeCl<sub>3</sub> or C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> solutions prior to wood pyrolysis. The pre-modification introduced iron species to the surface, promoting the specific surface area, charge-stored species, and surface functionalities, which enhanced the gravimetric capacitance. X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful loading of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Fe. SEM implied the wider distribution of iron-rich particulates and porous carbon via self-pyrolysis on the biochar surface modified with 1.0 M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub>. Contact angle measurements demonstrated the enhanced wettability of the biochar surfaces following pre-modification, with the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub>-modified samples exhibiting superior wettability compared to the other groups. The gravimetric capacitance of the supercapacitor was dramatically promoted and reached 210 F/g and 219 F/g, respectively, when modified with 1.0M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> and 1.0 M FeCl<sub>3</sub> at a 5 mA/g current density. Compared to the birch biochar modified with 1.0 M FeCl<sub>3</sub>, the 1.0 M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> had a higher current response peak and capacitive behavior in the CV analysis, demonstrated better ion diffusion capacity, and had lower charge-transfer resistance in the EIS results. But, a slight irreversible process on the electrode of the 1.0 M C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeO<sub>7</sub> group led to a lower level of the supercapacitor capacitance retention. The results using ferric solution pre-impregnation show how iron species doping can improve capacitance behavior, providing a feasible scheme for the modification of thick biochar monolith.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/47biochar monolithsupercapacitorsferric chlorideferric citrateiron species |
| spellingShingle | Ziyue Song Tianjie Feng Donald W. Kirk Charles Q. Jia Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric Citrate Batteries biochar monolith supercapacitors ferric chloride ferric citrate iron species |
| title | Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric Citrate |
| title_full | Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric Citrate |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric Citrate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric Citrate |
| title_short | Electrochemical Performance of Pre-Modified Birch Biochar Monolith Supercapacitors by Ferric Chloride and Ferric Citrate |
| title_sort | electrochemical performance of pre modified birch biochar monolith supercapacitors by ferric chloride and ferric citrate |
| topic | biochar monolith supercapacitors ferric chloride ferric citrate iron species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/47 |
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