Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in mice

Vaccination is effective to end pandemics, including the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is characterized by the emergence of the virus variants has a great potential to cause a decrease in the effectiv...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Azzania Fibriani, Nicholas Yamahoki, Annisa Meliana Shani, Afifatur Rofiqoh, Agust Leo Fany Siregar, Cynthia Gunawan, Carola Giovanni Danira Mayorga, Tommy Octavianus Soetrisno Tjia, Husna Nugrahapraja, Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman, Marselina Irasonia Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Vaccine: X
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225000269
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850226200864096256
author Azzania Fibriani
Nicholas Yamahoki
Annisa Meliana Shani
Afifatur Rofiqoh
Agust Leo Fany Siregar
Cynthia Gunawan
Carola Giovanni Danira Mayorga
Tommy Octavianus Soetrisno Tjia
Husna Nugrahapraja
Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
Marselina Irasonia Tan
author_facet Azzania Fibriani
Nicholas Yamahoki
Annisa Meliana Shani
Afifatur Rofiqoh
Agust Leo Fany Siregar
Cynthia Gunawan
Carola Giovanni Danira Mayorga
Tommy Octavianus Soetrisno Tjia
Husna Nugrahapraja
Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
Marselina Irasonia Tan
author_sort Azzania Fibriani
collection DOAJ
description Vaccination is effective to end pandemics, including the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is characterized by the emergence of the virus variants has a great potential to cause a decrease in the effectiveness of the developed vaccines. One of the vaccine platforms that may overcome vaccine failure due to viral genetic mutations is a multi-epitope vaccine. Using the reverse vaccinology approach, in this study, we developed a multi-epitope peptide-based COVID-19 vaccine composed of immunodominant epitopes. The multi-epitope peptide was designed in silico, successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and purified. Furthermore, the vaccine candidate was proven to induce the production of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in BALB/c mice without any considerable adverse reaction. The results also showed that the generated antibodies were reactive to SARS-CoV-2-positive patient nasopharyngeal swab samples containing different circulating Omicron XBB F456L variants. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the multi-epitope peptide has the potential to be further developed as a safe and relevant COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, this study also demonstrates that reverse vaccinology is useful to facilitate the development of relevant vaccines for emerging infectious diseases.
format Article
id doaj-art-03f5f90ef98245f19347f43d2a4eaad6
institution OA Journals
issn 2590-1362
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Vaccine: X
spelling doaj-art-03f5f90ef98245f19347f43d2a4eaad62025-08-20T02:05:08ZengElsevierVaccine: X2590-13622025-06-012410063210.1016/j.jvacx.2025.100632Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in miceAzzania Fibriani0Nicholas Yamahoki1Annisa Meliana Shani2Afifatur Rofiqoh3Agust Leo Fany Siregar4Cynthia Gunawan5Carola Giovanni Danira Mayorga6Tommy Octavianus Soetrisno Tjia7Husna Nugrahapraja8Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman9Marselina Irasonia Tan10School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Corresponding author at: School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 10 Ganesa, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaVaccination is effective to end pandemics, including the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is characterized by the emergence of the virus variants has a great potential to cause a decrease in the effectiveness of the developed vaccines. One of the vaccine platforms that may overcome vaccine failure due to viral genetic mutations is a multi-epitope vaccine. Using the reverse vaccinology approach, in this study, we developed a multi-epitope peptide-based COVID-19 vaccine composed of immunodominant epitopes. The multi-epitope peptide was designed in silico, successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and purified. Furthermore, the vaccine candidate was proven to induce the production of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in BALB/c mice without any considerable adverse reaction. The results also showed that the generated antibodies were reactive to SARS-CoV-2-positive patient nasopharyngeal swab samples containing different circulating Omicron XBB F456L variants. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the multi-epitope peptide has the potential to be further developed as a safe and relevant COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, this study also demonstrates that reverse vaccinology is useful to facilitate the development of relevant vaccines for emerging infectious diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225000269SARS-CoV-2Recombinant vaccinePeptide-based vaccineMulti-epitope vaccineReverse vaccinologyImmunogenicity
spellingShingle Azzania Fibriani
Nicholas Yamahoki
Annisa Meliana Shani
Afifatur Rofiqoh
Agust Leo Fany Siregar
Cynthia Gunawan
Carola Giovanni Danira Mayorga
Tommy Octavianus Soetrisno Tjia
Husna Nugrahapraja
Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman
Marselina Irasonia Tan
Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in mice
Vaccine: X
SARS-CoV-2
Recombinant vaccine
Peptide-based vaccine
Multi-epitope vaccine
Reverse vaccinology
Immunogenicity
title Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in mice
title_full Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in mice
title_fullStr Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in mice
title_full_unstemmed Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in mice
title_short Reverse vaccinology-based multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins induces immune responses in mice
title_sort reverse vaccinology based multi epitope covid 19 vaccine targeting sars cov 2 structural and non structural proteins induces immune responses in mice
topic SARS-CoV-2
Recombinant vaccine
Peptide-based vaccine
Multi-epitope vaccine
Reverse vaccinology
Immunogenicity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136225000269
work_keys_str_mv AT azzaniafibriani reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT nicholasyamahoki reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT annisamelianashani reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT afifaturrofiqoh reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT agustleofanysiregar reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT cynthiagunawan reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT carolagiovannidaniramayorga reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT tommyoctavianussoetrisnotjia reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT husnanugrahapraja reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT ernawatiarifingirirachman reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice
AT marselinairasoniatan reversevaccinologybasedmultiepitopecovid19vaccinetargetingsarscov2structuralandnonstructuralproteinsinducesimmuneresponsesinmice