Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients

ABSTRACT: Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a significant health concern characterized by adverse immune reactions to cow milk proteins. Biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of CMPA are lacking. This study analyzed the clinical features of CMPA, and 16S RNA sequencing was used to inv...

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Main Authors: Jiaxin Xu, Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Meimei Wang, Xiaoling Guo, Fen Yao, Qingdong Xie, Zhe Yang, Areeba Khalid, Xiaoyang Jiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Dairy Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011998
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author Jiaxin Xu
Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh
Muhammad Shafiq
Muhammad Nadeem Khan
Meimei Wang
Xiaoling Guo
Fen Yao
Qingdong Xie
Zhe Yang
Areeba Khalid
Xiaoyang Jiao
author_facet Jiaxin Xu
Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh
Muhammad Shafiq
Muhammad Nadeem Khan
Meimei Wang
Xiaoling Guo
Fen Yao
Qingdong Xie
Zhe Yang
Areeba Khalid
Xiaoyang Jiao
author_sort Jiaxin Xu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT: Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a significant health concern characterized by adverse immune reactions to cow milk proteins. Biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of CMPA are lacking. This study analyzed the clinical features of CMPA, and 16S RNA sequencing was used to investigate potential biomarkers through fecal microbiota profiling. Children with CMPA exhibit a range of clinical symptoms, including gastrointestinal (83% of patients), skin (53% of patients), and respiratory manifestations (26% of patients), highlighting the complexity of this condition. Laboratory analysis revealed significant differences in red cell distribution width and inflammatory markers between the CMPA and control groups, suggesting immune activation and inflammatory responses in CMPA. Microbial diversity analysis revealed higher specific diversity indices in the CMPA group compared with those in control group, with significant differences at the genus and species levels. Bacteroides were more abundant in the CMPA group, whereas Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides were less abundant. The control group exhibited a balanced microbial profile, with a predominant presence of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Akkermansia muciniphila. The significant abundance of Bifidobacterium in the control group (23.19% vs. 9.89% in CMPA) was associated with improved growth metrics such as height and weight, suggesting its potential as a probiotic to prevent CMPA and enhance gut health. Correlation analysis linked specific microbial taxa such as Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium to clinical parameters such as family allergy history, weight, and height, providing insights into CMPA pathogenesis. Significant differences in bacterial abundance suggested diagnostic potential, with a panel of 6 bacteria achieving high predictive accuracy (area under curve = 0.8708). This study emphasizes the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and CMPA, offering valuable insights into disease mechanisms and diagnostic strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-03f4e92d9a9f4023941b4a9e66ea49d02025-08-20T01:57:20ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022025-01-011081738910.3168/jds.2024-25455Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patientsJiaxin Xu0Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh1Muhammad Shafiq2Muhammad Nadeem Khan3Meimei Wang4Xiaoling Guo5Fen Yao6Qingdong Xie7Zhe Yang8Areeba Khalid9Xiaoyang Jiao10Precision Medical Lab Center, Chaozhou Central Hospital, Chaozhou 521000, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaResearch Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Chaozhou Central Hospital, Chaozhou 521000, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Federal Medical College, Islamabad 44080, PakistanDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a significant health concern characterized by adverse immune reactions to cow milk proteins. Biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of CMPA are lacking. This study analyzed the clinical features of CMPA, and 16S RNA sequencing was used to investigate potential biomarkers through fecal microbiota profiling. Children with CMPA exhibit a range of clinical symptoms, including gastrointestinal (83% of patients), skin (53% of patients), and respiratory manifestations (26% of patients), highlighting the complexity of this condition. Laboratory analysis revealed significant differences in red cell distribution width and inflammatory markers between the CMPA and control groups, suggesting immune activation and inflammatory responses in CMPA. Microbial diversity analysis revealed higher specific diversity indices in the CMPA group compared with those in control group, with significant differences at the genus and species levels. Bacteroides were more abundant in the CMPA group, whereas Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides were less abundant. The control group exhibited a balanced microbial profile, with a predominant presence of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Akkermansia muciniphila. The significant abundance of Bifidobacterium in the control group (23.19% vs. 9.89% in CMPA) was associated with improved growth metrics such as height and weight, suggesting its potential as a probiotic to prevent CMPA and enhance gut health. Correlation analysis linked specific microbial taxa such as Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium to clinical parameters such as family allergy history, weight, and height, providing insights into CMPA pathogenesis. Significant differences in bacterial abundance suggested diagnostic potential, with a panel of 6 bacteria achieving high predictive accuracy (area under curve = 0.8708). This study emphasizes the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and CMPA, offering valuable insights into disease mechanisms and diagnostic strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011998cow milk protein allergygut healthgut microbiotamicrobial diversitypotential biomarker
spellingShingle Jiaxin Xu
Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh
Muhammad Shafiq
Muhammad Nadeem Khan
Meimei Wang
Xiaoling Guo
Fen Yao
Qingdong Xie
Zhe Yang
Areeba Khalid
Xiaoyang Jiao
Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients
Journal of Dairy Science
cow milk protein allergy
gut health
gut microbiota
microbial diversity
potential biomarker
title Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients
title_full Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients
title_fullStr Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients
title_short Exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy: Clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients
title_sort exploring the gut microbiota landscape in cow milk protein allergy clinical insights and diagnostic implications in pediatric patients
topic cow milk protein allergy
gut health
gut microbiota
microbial diversity
potential biomarker
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011998
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