Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer application

Earthworms’ activities not only increase soil nitrogen (N) uptake by crops but also lead to N losses to environment. However, it remains unclear whether earthworms’ impact on the fate of fertilizer N differs based on the type of fertilizer application. Therefore, the present pot experiment examined...

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Main Authors: Rong Hao, Yupeng Wu, Hong Di, Yunfeng Chen, Weiguo Cheng, Ronggui Hu, Wenfeng Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Geoderma
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706124003355
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author Rong Hao
Yupeng Wu
Hong Di
Yunfeng Chen
Weiguo Cheng
Ronggui Hu
Wenfeng Tan
author_facet Rong Hao
Yupeng Wu
Hong Di
Yunfeng Chen
Weiguo Cheng
Ronggui Hu
Wenfeng Tan
author_sort Rong Hao
collection DOAJ
description Earthworms’ activities not only increase soil nitrogen (N) uptake by crops but also lead to N losses to environment. However, it remains unclear whether earthworms’ impact on the fate of fertilizer N differs based on the type of fertilizer application. Therefore, the present pot experiment examined the transformation and fate of two types of 15N-labeled fertilizer (synthetic fertilizer urea and organic fertilizer compost applied at rate of 400 mg N/pot) with and without earthworms (Amynthas corticis) in a soil-lettuce system over three seasons of cultivation. Results showed that earthworms increased the fresh biomass of lettuce in all three seasons, regardless of the type of fertilizer used. However, the effect of earthworms on fertilizer N uptake varied depending on the type of fertilizer. With earthworms present, lettuce took up an additional 20.97 mg/pot of synthetic fertilizer N in the first season, which sharply decreased to 2.72 mg/pot and 4.63 mg/pot in the second and third seasons, respectively. In contrast, the uptake of organic fertilizer N by lettuce increased by 10.08–11.24 mg/pot throughout the entire experiment when earthworms were present. The presence of earthworms increased the percentage of synthetic fertilizer N lost to the environment by 0.8 %, due to increased N leaching, N2O emission, NH3 volatilization, etc. In contrast, earthworms decreased the percentage of organic fertilizer N lost to the environment by 1.9 %, primarily through reduced NH3 volatilization, etc. This study underscores the pivotal role of earthworms in modulating fertilizer N dynamics, with organic fertilizer offering superior ecosystem services compared to synthetic fertilizer. Given that only one earthworm species was studied and nearly half of the organic fertilizer remained in the soil, future long-term experiments incorporating diverse earthworm species and changes in the soil’s native N pool are essential to fully understand the role of earthworms in agro-ecosystem N cycling.
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issn 1872-6259
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-03df529336d447c8bf14c3f150baadf62025-08-20T02:31:27ZengElsevierGeoderma1872-62592024-12-0145211710610.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117106Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer applicationRong Hao0Yupeng Wu1Hong Di2Yunfeng Chen3Weiguo Cheng4Ronggui Hu5Wenfeng Tan6College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Corresponding author.Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New ZealandInstitute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, ChinaFaculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, JapanCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaEarthworms’ activities not only increase soil nitrogen (N) uptake by crops but also lead to N losses to environment. However, it remains unclear whether earthworms’ impact on the fate of fertilizer N differs based on the type of fertilizer application. Therefore, the present pot experiment examined the transformation and fate of two types of 15N-labeled fertilizer (synthetic fertilizer urea and organic fertilizer compost applied at rate of 400 mg N/pot) with and without earthworms (Amynthas corticis) in a soil-lettuce system over three seasons of cultivation. Results showed that earthworms increased the fresh biomass of lettuce in all three seasons, regardless of the type of fertilizer used. However, the effect of earthworms on fertilizer N uptake varied depending on the type of fertilizer. With earthworms present, lettuce took up an additional 20.97 mg/pot of synthetic fertilizer N in the first season, which sharply decreased to 2.72 mg/pot and 4.63 mg/pot in the second and third seasons, respectively. In contrast, the uptake of organic fertilizer N by lettuce increased by 10.08–11.24 mg/pot throughout the entire experiment when earthworms were present. The presence of earthworms increased the percentage of synthetic fertilizer N lost to the environment by 0.8 %, due to increased N leaching, N2O emission, NH3 volatilization, etc. In contrast, earthworms decreased the percentage of organic fertilizer N lost to the environment by 1.9 %, primarily through reduced NH3 volatilization, etc. This study underscores the pivotal role of earthworms in modulating fertilizer N dynamics, with organic fertilizer offering superior ecosystem services compared to synthetic fertilizer. Given that only one earthworm species was studied and nearly half of the organic fertilizer remained in the soil, future long-term experiments incorporating diverse earthworm species and changes in the soil’s native N pool are essential to fully understand the role of earthworms in agro-ecosystem N cycling.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706124003355EarthwormsN transformationsPot experimentSoil-plant systemN isotope
spellingShingle Rong Hao
Yupeng Wu
Hong Di
Yunfeng Chen
Weiguo Cheng
Ronggui Hu
Wenfeng Tan
Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer application
Geoderma
Earthworms
N transformations
Pot experiment
Soil-plant system
N isotope
title Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer application
title_full Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer application
title_fullStr Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer application
title_full_unstemmed Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer application
title_short Elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer N with synthetic and organic fertilizer application
title_sort elucidating the role of earthworms on the fate of fertilizer n with synthetic and organic fertilizer application
topic Earthworms
N transformations
Pot experiment
Soil-plant system
N isotope
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706124003355
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