Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs

ABSTRACT Background Discospondylitis refers to inflammation of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral endplates. The literature on mycotic discospondylitis (MD) in dogs is limited. Objective To describe clinical and advanced diagnostic imaging findings, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes i...

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Main Authors: Samuel Okonji, Andrea Di Paola, Silvia Benini, Antonella Gallucci, Alberto Cauduro, Cristian Falzone, Teresa Gagliardo, Gualtiero Gandini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70097
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author Samuel Okonji
Andrea Di Paola
Silvia Benini
Antonella Gallucci
Alberto Cauduro
Cristian Falzone
Teresa Gagliardo
Gualtiero Gandini
author_facet Samuel Okonji
Andrea Di Paola
Silvia Benini
Antonella Gallucci
Alberto Cauduro
Cristian Falzone
Teresa Gagliardo
Gualtiero Gandini
author_sort Samuel Okonji
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Discospondylitis refers to inflammation of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral endplates. The literature on mycotic discospondylitis (MD) in dogs is limited. Objective To describe clinical and advanced diagnostic imaging findings, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes in dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of MD. Animals Eleven client‐owned dogs with a diagnosis of MD. Materials and Methods Medical records from five veterinary neurological referral centers were retrospectively reviewed between 2017 and 2024. The confirmed diagnosis of MD was based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and the detection of fungal hyphae in urine, intervertebral disc, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results German shepherd (GS) were the most prevalent breed (7/11). Pain was the main clinical sign reported in all dogs, associated with gait abnormalities in 9 dogs. T3‐L3 neuroanatomical localization was described in 10 dogs. MRI showed multiple intervertebral disc involvement in 7 dogs. Fungal hyphae were identified in urine sediment in 5 dogs and by CT‐guided needle aspiration of the affected disc in 2 dogs. Aspergillus spp. was the most common etiological agent being reported in 7 dogs. Ten dogs were dead at the end of data analysis, with a median survival time of 30 days. Conclusion and Clinical Importance This case series demonstrates the necessity of accurate diagnosis to set an appropriate treatment, despite the poor prognosis after antifungal therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-03dd35d47bf7472b9610123c69f5bb972025-08-20T01:53:49ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-05-01393n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70097Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 DogsSamuel Okonji0Andrea Di Paola1Silvia Benini2Antonella Gallucci3Alberto Cauduro4Cristian Falzone5Teresa Gagliardo6Gualtiero Gandini7Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences Università degli Studi di Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia ItalyNeurovet Milano ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences Università degli Studi di Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia ItalyCentro Veterinario Professionale La Fenice Assemini ItalyNeurovet Milano ItalyClinica Veterinaria Pedrani Diagnostica Piccoli Animali Srl Thiene ItalyDiagnostic Center Palermovet Palermo ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences Università degli Studi di Bologna Ozzano dell'Emilia ItalyABSTRACT Background Discospondylitis refers to inflammation of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral endplates. The literature on mycotic discospondylitis (MD) in dogs is limited. Objective To describe clinical and advanced diagnostic imaging findings, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes in dogs with a confirmed diagnosis of MD. Animals Eleven client‐owned dogs with a diagnosis of MD. Materials and Methods Medical records from five veterinary neurological referral centers were retrospectively reviewed between 2017 and 2024. The confirmed diagnosis of MD was based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and the detection of fungal hyphae in urine, intervertebral disc, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Results German shepherd (GS) were the most prevalent breed (7/11). Pain was the main clinical sign reported in all dogs, associated with gait abnormalities in 9 dogs. T3‐L3 neuroanatomical localization was described in 10 dogs. MRI showed multiple intervertebral disc involvement in 7 dogs. Fungal hyphae were identified in urine sediment in 5 dogs and by CT‐guided needle aspiration of the affected disc in 2 dogs. Aspergillus spp. was the most common etiological agent being reported in 7 dogs. Ten dogs were dead at the end of data analysis, with a median survival time of 30 days. Conclusion and Clinical Importance This case series demonstrates the necessity of accurate diagnosis to set an appropriate treatment, despite the poor prognosis after antifungal therapy.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70097antimycotic treatmentaspergillosisdiskospondylitisfungalmicrobiologysystemic mycosis
spellingShingle Samuel Okonji
Andrea Di Paola
Silvia Benini
Antonella Gallucci
Alberto Cauduro
Cristian Falzone
Teresa Gagliardo
Gualtiero Gandini
Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
antimycotic treatment
aspergillosis
diskospondylitis
fungal
microbiology
systemic mycosis
title Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs
title_full Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs
title_fullStr Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs
title_short Clinical Signs, Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcome of Mycotic Discospondylitis in 11 Dogs
title_sort clinical signs advanced diagnostic imaging findings treatment and outcome of mycotic discospondylitis in 11 dogs
topic antimycotic treatment
aspergillosis
diskospondylitis
fungal
microbiology
systemic mycosis
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70097
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