Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studies
The valorization of industrial by-products has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance sustainability and economic efficiency within various sectors. Basic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOF-S), a by-product generated in the steelmaking process characterized by its compl...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| author | J.S. Ali H.L. Rutto T. Seodigeng S.L. Kiambi |
| author_facet | J.S. Ali H.L. Rutto T. Seodigeng S.L. Kiambi |
| author_sort | J.S. Ali |
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| description | The valorization of industrial by-products has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance sustainability and economic efficiency within various sectors. Basic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOF-S), a by-product generated in the steelmaking process characterized by its complex composition, presents an opportunity for waste management and resource recovery. This study investigates the potential of BOF-S as a catalyst in converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel via the transesterification reaction. To improve its efficiency, BOF-S was calcined at 850 °C (BOF-S 850), and 1000 °C (BOF-S 1000), for 5 h. The BOF-S was characterized using XRF, N2 sorption, XRD, TGA-DSC, SEM-EDS and FTIR. The characterization techniques showed that the BOF-S 850 had superior characteristics as a catalyst: rough surface, increased pore size and more active basic sites compared to the BOF-S and the BOF-S 1000 slag samples. The transesterification reaction was conducted at a methanol: oil ratio of 20:1, a catalyst loading of 20 wt %, a reaction time of 12 h, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a stirring speed of 750 rpm. The findings established that the BOF-S 850 was the best catalyst, with a 90.77 % biodiesel yield and was able to sustain a maximum of two transesterification cycle runs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-03ae7b70a3ca4c4b87d5085ce867db7f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-03ae7b70a3ca4c4b87d5085ce867db7f2025-08-20T01:58:28ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302024-12-012410289910.1016/j.rineng.2024.102899Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studiesJ.S. Ali0H.L. Rutto1T. Seodigeng2S.L. Kiambi3Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, South Africa.; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, South Africa, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South AfricaThe valorization of industrial by-products has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance sustainability and economic efficiency within various sectors. Basic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOF-S), a by-product generated in the steelmaking process characterized by its complex composition, presents an opportunity for waste management and resource recovery. This study investigates the potential of BOF-S as a catalyst in converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel via the transesterification reaction. To improve its efficiency, BOF-S was calcined at 850 °C (BOF-S 850), and 1000 °C (BOF-S 1000), for 5 h. The BOF-S was characterized using XRF, N2 sorption, XRD, TGA-DSC, SEM-EDS and FTIR. The characterization techniques showed that the BOF-S 850 had superior characteristics as a catalyst: rough surface, increased pore size and more active basic sites compared to the BOF-S and the BOF-S 1000 slag samples. The transesterification reaction was conducted at a methanol: oil ratio of 20:1, a catalyst loading of 20 wt %, a reaction time of 12 h, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a stirring speed of 750 rpm. The findings established that the BOF-S 850 was the best catalyst, with a 90.77 % biodiesel yield and was able to sustain a maximum of two transesterification cycle runs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302401154XBasic oxygen furnace slagValorizationBiodieselCalcinationTransesterification |
| spellingShingle | J.S. Ali H.L. Rutto T. Seodigeng S.L. Kiambi Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studies Results in Engineering Basic oxygen furnace slag Valorization Biodiesel Calcination Transesterification |
| title | Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studies |
| title_full | Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studies |
| title_fullStr | Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studies |
| title_short | Thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification: Characterization and catalytic activity studies |
| title_sort | thermal activation of basic oxygen furnace slag as a heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification characterization and catalytic activity studies |
| topic | Basic oxygen furnace slag Valorization Biodiesel Calcination Transesterification |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302401154X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jsali thermalactivationofbasicoxygenfurnaceslagasaheterogeneouscatalystintransesterificationcharacterizationandcatalyticactivitystudies AT hlrutto thermalactivationofbasicoxygenfurnaceslagasaheterogeneouscatalystintransesterificationcharacterizationandcatalyticactivitystudies AT tseodigeng thermalactivationofbasicoxygenfurnaceslagasaheterogeneouscatalystintransesterificationcharacterizationandcatalyticactivitystudies AT slkiambi thermalactivationofbasicoxygenfurnaceslagasaheterogeneouscatalystintransesterificationcharacterizationandcatalyticactivitystudies |