Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish Sample

Background/Objectives: Internet addiction (IA) and related behaviors, such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and social media addiction (SMA), have gained increasing research attention. Studies show gender differences, with males more likely to develop gaming-related addictions and females more pron...

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Main Authors: Manuel Varchetta, Ginevra Tagliaferri, Emanuela Mari, Alessandro Quaglieri, Clarissa Cricenti, Anna Maria Giannini, Manuel Martí-Vilar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Brain Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/10/1037
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author Manuel Varchetta
Ginevra Tagliaferri
Emanuela Mari
Alessandro Quaglieri
Clarissa Cricenti
Anna Maria Giannini
Manuel Martí-Vilar
author_facet Manuel Varchetta
Ginevra Tagliaferri
Emanuela Mari
Alessandro Quaglieri
Clarissa Cricenti
Anna Maria Giannini
Manuel Martí-Vilar
author_sort Manuel Varchetta
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: Internet addiction (IA) and related behaviors, such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and social media addiction (SMA), have gained increasing research attention. Studies show gender differences, with males more likely to develop gaming-related addictions and females more prone to social media and phubbing behaviors. This study aimed to explore gender differences in Internet addiction and related behaviors in a Spanish sample, with the goal of identifying predictors and gender-specific patterns of IA. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 585 participants (265 male, 320 female) aged 18 to 35 years (M = 22.11, SD = 3.08). Data were collected using standardized questionnaires to assess IA, IGD, SMA, phubbing, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), emotional dysregulation, personality traits, and prosociality. Correlation and regression analyses were used to identify gender-specific predictors of IA. Results: Males exhibited significantly higher scores for IA and IGD, while females showed higher scores for SMA and the “phone obsession” dimension of phubbing. No significant gender differences were found in the “communication disturbance” dimension of phubbing or in FoMO. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between IA and psychological as well as technological variables. Gender-specific predictors of IA included social media engagement and emotional regulation for females, while gaming behaviors and communication patterns were more relevant for males. Conclusions: These findings highlight gender differences in IA, suggesting that tailored interventions should address unique online behaviors and emotional regulation challenges in males and females. Future research should refine gender-specific patterns to develop more effective, targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-03a0c012c1844804a5b7f242ffa03e872025-08-20T02:10:58ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252024-10-011410103710.3390/brainsci14101037Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish SampleManuel Varchetta0Ginevra Tagliaferri1Emanuela Mari2Alessandro Quaglieri3Clarissa Cricenti4Anna Maria Giannini5Manuel Martí-Vilar6Department de Psicologia Bàsica, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment de Psicologia Bàsica, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, SpainBackground/Objectives: Internet addiction (IA) and related behaviors, such as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and social media addiction (SMA), have gained increasing research attention. Studies show gender differences, with males more likely to develop gaming-related addictions and females more prone to social media and phubbing behaviors. This study aimed to explore gender differences in Internet addiction and related behaviors in a Spanish sample, with the goal of identifying predictors and gender-specific patterns of IA. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 585 participants (265 male, 320 female) aged 18 to 35 years (M = 22.11, SD = 3.08). Data were collected using standardized questionnaires to assess IA, IGD, SMA, phubbing, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), emotional dysregulation, personality traits, and prosociality. Correlation and regression analyses were used to identify gender-specific predictors of IA. Results: Males exhibited significantly higher scores for IA and IGD, while females showed higher scores for SMA and the “phone obsession” dimension of phubbing. No significant gender differences were found in the “communication disturbance” dimension of phubbing or in FoMO. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between IA and psychological as well as technological variables. Gender-specific predictors of IA included social media engagement and emotional regulation for females, while gaming behaviors and communication patterns were more relevant for males. Conclusions: These findings highlight gender differences in IA, suggesting that tailored interventions should address unique online behaviors and emotional regulation challenges in males and females. Future research should refine gender-specific patterns to develop more effective, targeted prevention and treatment strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/10/1037gender differencesproblematic use of Internetsocial media useInternet gaming disorderFoMOphubbing
spellingShingle Manuel Varchetta
Ginevra Tagliaferri
Emanuela Mari
Alessandro Quaglieri
Clarissa Cricenti
Anna Maria Giannini
Manuel Martí-Vilar
Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish Sample
Brain Sciences
gender differences
problematic use of Internet
social media use
Internet gaming disorder
FoMO
phubbing
title Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish Sample
title_full Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish Sample
title_fullStr Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish Sample
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish Sample
title_short Exploring Gender Differences in Internet Addiction and Psychological Factors: A Study in a Spanish Sample
title_sort exploring gender differences in internet addiction and psychological factors a study in a spanish sample
topic gender differences
problematic use of Internet
social media use
Internet gaming disorder
FoMO
phubbing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/10/1037
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