Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infections in children. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by airway epithelial cells, contain proteins and different families of non-coding RNAs (EV cargo) that can modulate the responses of target cells to viral infection. N...

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Main Authors: Tiziana Corsello, Nicholas Dillman, Yingxin Zhao, Teodora Ivanciuc, Tianshuang Liu, Antonella Casola, Roberto P. Garofalo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/764
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author Tiziana Corsello
Nicholas Dillman
Yingxin Zhao
Teodora Ivanciuc
Tianshuang Liu
Antonella Casola
Roberto P. Garofalo
author_facet Tiziana Corsello
Nicholas Dillman
Yingxin Zhao
Teodora Ivanciuc
Tianshuang Liu
Antonella Casola
Roberto P. Garofalo
author_sort Tiziana Corsello
collection DOAJ
description Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infections in children. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by airway epithelial cells, contain proteins and different families of non-coding RNAs (EV cargo) that can modulate the responses of target cells to viral infection. Nasal mucosa is a primary site of viral entry and the source of EVs present in the upper airway secretions. In this study we characterized proteins, including inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) cargo of EVs isolated from pediatric human nose organoids (HNO) and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) positive for RSV. Using Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) and Luminex multi-target arrays, we found significant enrichment in several chemokines and other mediators/biomarkers, including CCL2, CCL20, CXCL5, CX3CL1, CXCL6, MMP-1, MMP-10, uPA, Flt3L, ARNT and CD40 in EVs secreted by RSV-infected HNO compared to control mock HNO. Analysis of NPS samples from RSV infected children revealed that CCL3, CCL20, CXCL8, uPA, VEGFA, were concentrated in the NPS-EV fraction. LC-MS/MS and Gene Ontology indicated that RSV positive NPS-EVs originate from different cellular sources, with the most abundant proteins from neutrophils and epithelial cells. A total of 490 piRNAs were detected by NGS sequencing of small RNA libraries obtained from NPS-EVs, which has not been reported prior to this study. Identification of inflammatory mediators and small non-coding RNAs which are compartmentalized in EVs contributes to understanding mechanisms of virus-mediated pathogenesis in RSV infections.
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spelling doaj-art-038725055d764cfc827ffade98c41a302025-08-20T02:21:54ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-05-0117676410.3390/v17060764Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV InfectionsTiziana Corsello0Nicholas Dillman1Yingxin Zhao2Teodora Ivanciuc3Tianshuang Liu4Antonella Casola5Roberto P. Garofalo6Department of Pediatrics and Center for Lung Disease Inflammation and Remodeling (LUDIR), The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Pediatrics and Center for Lung Disease Inflammation and Remodeling (LUDIR), The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Pediatrics and Center for Lung Disease Inflammation and Remodeling (LUDIR), The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USARespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infections in children. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by airway epithelial cells, contain proteins and different families of non-coding RNAs (EV cargo) that can modulate the responses of target cells to viral infection. Nasal mucosa is a primary site of viral entry and the source of EVs present in the upper airway secretions. In this study we characterized proteins, including inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) cargo of EVs isolated from pediatric human nose organoids (HNO) and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) positive for RSV. Using Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) and Luminex multi-target arrays, we found significant enrichment in several chemokines and other mediators/biomarkers, including CCL2, CCL20, CXCL5, CX3CL1, CXCL6, MMP-1, MMP-10, uPA, Flt3L, ARNT and CD40 in EVs secreted by RSV-infected HNO compared to control mock HNO. Analysis of NPS samples from RSV infected children revealed that CCL3, CCL20, CXCL8, uPA, VEGFA, were concentrated in the NPS-EV fraction. LC-MS/MS and Gene Ontology indicated that RSV positive NPS-EVs originate from different cellular sources, with the most abundant proteins from neutrophils and epithelial cells. A total of 490 piRNAs were detected by NGS sequencing of small RNA libraries obtained from NPS-EVs, which has not been reported prior to this study. Identification of inflammatory mediators and small non-coding RNAs which are compartmentalized in EVs contributes to understanding mechanisms of virus-mediated pathogenesis in RSV infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/764RSVextracellular vesiclesnasal secretionnose organoidchildren
spellingShingle Tiziana Corsello
Nicholas Dillman
Yingxin Zhao
Teodora Ivanciuc
Tianshuang Liu
Antonella Casola
Roberto P. Garofalo
Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections
Viruses
RSV
extracellular vesicles
nasal secretion
nose organoid
children
title Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections
title_full Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections
title_fullStr Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections
title_short Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections
title_sort analysis of proteins and piwi interacting rna cargo of extracellular vesicles evs isolated from human nose organoids and nasopharyngeal secretions of children with rsv infections
topic RSV
extracellular vesicles
nasal secretion
nose organoid
children
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/764
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