Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature review

Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a histiocytic disorder that was recently reclassified as a histiocytic neoplasm. It is characterized by nodal and extranodal involvement. Leukaemia-associated RDD is a rare subtype of neoplasia-associated RDD, particularly when leukaemia precedes RDD, with...

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Main Authors: Sara E. Marhoon, Ali H. Ali, Ali Husain, Salma Elashwah, Azza AbdelAziz, Mariam Elias
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SMC MEDIA SRL 2025-05-01
Series:European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5250
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author Sara E. Marhoon
Ali H. Ali
Ali Husain
Salma Elashwah
Azza AbdelAziz
Mariam Elias
author_facet Sara E. Marhoon
Ali H. Ali
Ali Husain
Salma Elashwah
Azza AbdelAziz
Mariam Elias
author_sort Sara E. Marhoon
collection DOAJ
description Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a histiocytic disorder that was recently reclassified as a histiocytic neoplasm. It is characterized by nodal and extranodal involvement. Leukaemia-associated RDD is a rare subtype of neoplasia-associated RDD, particularly when leukaemia precedes RDD, with only one paediatric case reported in the literature. Case report: A 33-year-old woman presented with cervical swelling that had persisted for one month. Ultrasound examination and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of RDD. The patient subsequently developed raccoon eyes and bilateral eyelid oedema. Laboratory investigations revealed bicytopenia and leukocytosis. Unexpectedly, bone marrow aspirate and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Following repeated complaints of headache, brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a callosal lesion, suggestive of a space-occupying lesion. One year later, the patient relapsed and died from septicaemia. Conclusion: This case report describes the progression of RDD to AML in an adult, highlighting the need for long-term follow-up and further research into its pathogenesis to improve outcomes.
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series European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
spelling doaj-art-0382e3564eb04d4abd2fc0c8f03998a82025-08-20T02:05:20ZengSMC MEDIA SRLEuropean Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine2284-25942025-05-0110.12890/2025_0052504785Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature reviewSara E. Marhoon0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0299-5123Ali H. Ali1https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6716-1022Ali Husain2Salma Elashwah3Azza AbdelAziz4Mariam Elias5College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCollege of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCollege of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptMedical Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptDepartment of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptBackground: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a histiocytic disorder that was recently reclassified as a histiocytic neoplasm. It is characterized by nodal and extranodal involvement. Leukaemia-associated RDD is a rare subtype of neoplasia-associated RDD, particularly when leukaemia precedes RDD, with only one paediatric case reported in the literature. Case report: A 33-year-old woman presented with cervical swelling that had persisted for one month. Ultrasound examination and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of RDD. The patient subsequently developed raccoon eyes and bilateral eyelid oedema. Laboratory investigations revealed bicytopenia and leukocytosis. Unexpectedly, bone marrow aspirate and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Following repeated complaints of headache, brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a callosal lesion, suggestive of a space-occupying lesion. One year later, the patient relapsed and died from septicaemia. Conclusion: This case report describes the progression of RDD to AML in an adult, highlighting the need for long-term follow-up and further research into its pathogenesis to improve outcomes.https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5250rosai-dorfman diseaseacute myeloid leukaemianeoplasia-associated rddhistiocytosis
spellingShingle Sara E. Marhoon
Ali H. Ali
Ali Husain
Salma Elashwah
Azza AbdelAziz
Mariam Elias
Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature review
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
rosai-dorfman disease
acute myeloid leukaemia
neoplasia-associated rdd
histiocytosis
title Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature review
title_full Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature review
title_fullStr Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature review
title_full_unstemmed Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature review
title_short Rosai-Dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia: an extremely rare case and a literature review
title_sort rosai dorfman disease preceding acute myeloid leukemia an extremely rare case and a literature review
topic rosai-dorfman disease
acute myeloid leukaemia
neoplasia-associated rdd
histiocytosis
url https://www.ejcrim.com/index.php/EJCRIM/article/view/5250
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