Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report

Abstract Background Gallbladder hemorrhage is a rare but fatal condition. The reported causes of gallbladder hemorrhage include iatrogenesis, atherosclerotic changes in the cystic arteries, acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, malignancy, trauma, hemophilia, pseudoaneurysm, and the use of oral ant...

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Main Authors: Yuichi Hirose, Yusuke Tajima, Hiroki Sakata, Toshimasa Uekusa, Kentaro Kamada, Takashi Ikehara, Izuru Matsuda, Satomi Yoneyama, Akio Hidemura, Hiroyuki Suzuki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Japan Surgical Society 2024-01-01
Series:Surgical Case Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-023-01799-1
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author Yuichi Hirose
Yusuke Tajima
Hiroki Sakata
Toshimasa Uekusa
Kentaro Kamada
Takashi Ikehara
Izuru Matsuda
Satomi Yoneyama
Akio Hidemura
Hiroyuki Suzuki
author_facet Yuichi Hirose
Yusuke Tajima
Hiroki Sakata
Toshimasa Uekusa
Kentaro Kamada
Takashi Ikehara
Izuru Matsuda
Satomi Yoneyama
Akio Hidemura
Hiroyuki Suzuki
author_sort Yuichi Hirose
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Gallbladder hemorrhage is a rare but fatal condition. The reported causes of gallbladder hemorrhage include iatrogenesis, atherosclerotic changes in the cystic arteries, acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, malignancy, trauma, hemophilia, pseudoaneurysm, and the use of oral anticoagulant medications. Recently, segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) has been reported as a possible etiology of life-threatening abdominal, retroperitoneal, and intracranial hemorrhages. However, no previous reports have described the association between gallbladder hemorrhage and SAM. Case presentation A 59-year-old man was transferred to our hospital complaining of upper abdominal pain and vomiting. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed high-density images of the gallbladder and common bile duct. However, there were no obvious findings of gallstones, cholecystitis, tumors, or aneurysms. He was diagnosed with gallbladder hemorrhage and bile duct obstruction. We performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic biliary drainage. The gross appearance of the surgically resected specimen showed 12 small (3–12 mm), slightly elevated lesions on the gallbladder mucosa. Histologically, these slightly elevated lesions consisted of dilated muscular arteries of the gallbladder wall with fibrinoid degeneration of the media and focal loss of the internal and external elastic laminae. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed as SAM. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a gallbladder hemorrhage associated with SAM. Our case report shows that SAM can cause gallbladder hemorrhage, suggesting that SAM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder hemorrhage.
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spelling doaj-art-0378236589044f4aa3eb258f5dcf2f3e2025-08-20T03:32:33ZengJapan Surgical SocietySurgical Case Reports2198-77932024-01-011011710.1186/s40792-023-01799-1Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case reportYuichi Hirose0Yusuke Tajima1Hiroki Sakata2Toshimasa Uekusa3Kentaro Kamada4Takashi Ikehara5Izuru Matsuda6Satomi Yoneyama7Akio Hidemura8Hiroyuki Suzuki9Department of Surgery, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Surgery, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Surgery, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Pathology, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Gastrointestinal Medicine, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Radiology, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Surgery, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Surgery, Kanto Rosai HospitalDepartment of Surgery, Kanto Rosai HospitalAbstract Background Gallbladder hemorrhage is a rare but fatal condition. The reported causes of gallbladder hemorrhage include iatrogenesis, atherosclerotic changes in the cystic arteries, acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, malignancy, trauma, hemophilia, pseudoaneurysm, and the use of oral anticoagulant medications. Recently, segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) has been reported as a possible etiology of life-threatening abdominal, retroperitoneal, and intracranial hemorrhages. However, no previous reports have described the association between gallbladder hemorrhage and SAM. Case presentation A 59-year-old man was transferred to our hospital complaining of upper abdominal pain and vomiting. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed high-density images of the gallbladder and common bile duct. However, there were no obvious findings of gallstones, cholecystitis, tumors, or aneurysms. He was diagnosed with gallbladder hemorrhage and bile duct obstruction. We performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic biliary drainage. The gross appearance of the surgically resected specimen showed 12 small (3–12 mm), slightly elevated lesions on the gallbladder mucosa. Histologically, these slightly elevated lesions consisted of dilated muscular arteries of the gallbladder wall with fibrinoid degeneration of the media and focal loss of the internal and external elastic laminae. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed as SAM. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a gallbladder hemorrhage associated with SAM. Our case report shows that SAM can cause gallbladder hemorrhage, suggesting that SAM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gallbladder hemorrhage.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-023-01799-1Gallbladder hemorrhageSegmental arterial mediolysisHistopathology
spellingShingle Yuichi Hirose
Yusuke Tajima
Hiroki Sakata
Toshimasa Uekusa
Kentaro Kamada
Takashi Ikehara
Izuru Matsuda
Satomi Yoneyama
Akio Hidemura
Hiroyuki Suzuki
Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report
Surgical Case Reports
Gallbladder hemorrhage
Segmental arterial mediolysis
Histopathology
title Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report
title_full Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report
title_fullStr Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report
title_full_unstemmed Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report
title_short Gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: a case report
title_sort gallbladder hemorrhage associated with segmental arterial mediolysis a case report
topic Gallbladder hemorrhage
Segmental arterial mediolysis
Histopathology
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40792-023-01799-1
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