Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract This study evaluates the potential of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in HPV-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), where early recurrence occurs in a significant proportion of patients, contributing to poor prognosis. Analysis of paired tissue, oral rins...

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Main Authors: Zhuo Chen, Lihuang Chen, Shuaize Li, Peng Xia, Alfred King-yin Lam, Jie Qiao, Yi Liu, Bin Qiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:npj Precision Oncology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-00976-9
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author Zhuo Chen
Lihuang Chen
Shuaize Li
Peng Xia
Alfred King-yin Lam
Jie Qiao
Yi Liu
Bin Qiao
author_facet Zhuo Chen
Lihuang Chen
Shuaize Li
Peng Xia
Alfred King-yin Lam
Jie Qiao
Yi Liu
Bin Qiao
author_sort Zhuo Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study evaluates the potential of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in HPV-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), where early recurrence occurs in a significant proportion of patients, contributing to poor prognosis. Analysis of paired tissue, oral rinse, and plasma samples from 123 patients revealed ctDNA detection rates of 94.3% in oral rinse and 80.5% in plasma samples. Combined testing improved mutation detection sensitivity to 48.6%. A machine learning model integrating seven mutated genes (TP53, TERT, IKZF1, EP300, MYC, EGFR, PIK3CA) and clinical factors demonstrated robust prediction of recurrence (validation AUC: 0.854) and survival outcomes. Integration of pretreatment plasma ctDNA status further enhanced predictive performance. In longitudinal analysis, ctDNA detected recurrence approximately four months before clinical manifestation. These findings suggest that integrated ctDNA analysis offers improved mutation profiling and outcome prediction, potentially enabling earlier interventions in OSCC.
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id doaj-art-0362264aae5b4c938c3dec3c25acf3cc
institution Kabale University
issn 2397-768X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Precision Oncology
spelling doaj-art-0362264aae5b4c938c3dec3c25acf3cc2025-08-20T03:45:11ZengNature Portfolionpj Precision Oncology2397-768X2025-06-019111610.1038/s41698-025-00976-9Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinomaZhuo Chen0Lihuang Chen1Shuaize Li2Peng Xia3Alfred King-yin Lam4Jie Qiao5Yi Liu6Bin Qiao7Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversitySchool of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith UniversityPilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei UniversityDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityAbstract This study evaluates the potential of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in HPV-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), where early recurrence occurs in a significant proportion of patients, contributing to poor prognosis. Analysis of paired tissue, oral rinse, and plasma samples from 123 patients revealed ctDNA detection rates of 94.3% in oral rinse and 80.5% in plasma samples. Combined testing improved mutation detection sensitivity to 48.6%. A machine learning model integrating seven mutated genes (TP53, TERT, IKZF1, EP300, MYC, EGFR, PIK3CA) and clinical factors demonstrated robust prediction of recurrence (validation AUC: 0.854) and survival outcomes. Integration of pretreatment plasma ctDNA status further enhanced predictive performance. In longitudinal analysis, ctDNA detected recurrence approximately four months before clinical manifestation. These findings suggest that integrated ctDNA analysis offers improved mutation profiling and outcome prediction, potentially enabling earlier interventions in OSCC.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-00976-9
spellingShingle Zhuo Chen
Lihuang Chen
Shuaize Li
Peng Xia
Alfred King-yin Lam
Jie Qiao
Yi Liu
Bin Qiao
Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma
npj Precision Oncology
title Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_full Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_fullStr Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_short Integrated analysis of oral rinse-derived and plasma circulating tumour DNA for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma
title_sort integrated analysis of oral rinse derived and plasma circulating tumour dna for mutation profiling and outcome prediction with oral squamous cell carcinoma
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-00976-9
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