A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)-caused severe pneumonia is associated with high mortality rates, and treatment options are limited. Tetracyclines, including tigecycline and omadacycline, have in vitro activity against CRAB. We conducted this study to explore the efficac...

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Main Authors: Dayu Chen, Yechao Chen, Na Hu, Qiaoling Gu, Jingjing Kan, Jinchun Liu, Haixia Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1597860/full
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author Dayu Chen
Yechao Chen
Yechao Chen
Na Hu
Qiaoling Gu
Qiaoling Gu
Jingjing Kan
Jingjing Kan
Jinchun Liu
Haixia Zhang
author_facet Dayu Chen
Yechao Chen
Yechao Chen
Na Hu
Qiaoling Gu
Qiaoling Gu
Jingjing Kan
Jingjing Kan
Jinchun Liu
Haixia Zhang
author_sort Dayu Chen
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)-caused severe pneumonia is associated with high mortality rates, and treatment options are limited. Tetracyclines, including tigecycline and omadacycline, have in vitro activity against CRAB. We conducted this study to explore the efficacy of omadacycline in CRAB-caused severe pneumonia.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was performed by collecting data on severe CRAB-caused pneumonia cases treated with omadacycline or tigecycline at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024. A 1:1 propensity score-based matching design based on baseline characteristics was utilized. We compared the incidence of clinical response at day 14 or at the end of treatment (EOT) and other clinical outcomes between the two cohorts.ResultsA total of 40 patients were analyzed, with 20 patients in each cohort. The clinical success rate at day 14 or at the EOT was 65% (13/20) in the omadacycline group compared to 55% (11/20) in the tigecycline group. Both groups had an equal mortality rate, with 8 patients dying within 28 days. Development of tigecycline resistance was observed in one patient. The average duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressor, renal replacement therapy was also comparable in both groups. Adverse events occurred in 50% (10/20) of patients in the omadacycline group and 75% (15/20) in the tigecycline group, with coagulopathy being significantly lower in the omadacycline group (1/20, 5% vs. 7/20, 35%). Gastrointestinal events were reported in 10% (2/20) of the omadacycline group compared to 30% (6/20) in the tigecycline group. Abnormal liver function was observed in 9/20 patients (45%) in the omadacycline group and 6/20 patients (30%) in the tigecycline group.ConclusionThis pilot study was the first to explore the efficacy and safety of omadacycline in CRAB-caused pneumonia. Omadacycline demonstrated comparable efficacy to tigecycline in this small pilot study in the treatment of CRAB-caused pneumonia and has a lower incidence of coagulopathy compared to tigecycline, suggesting it may be a viable option, for treating CRAB-caused severe pneumonia, but further prospective research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.
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spelling doaj-art-0352dd8dd46c44ca9d0a9edffda5c50e2025-08-20T02:50:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-07-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15978601597860A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanniiDayu Chen0Yechao Chen1Yechao Chen2Na Hu3Qiaoling Gu4Qiaoling Gu5Jingjing Kan6Jingjing Kan7Jinchun Liu8Haixia Zhang9Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, ChinaBackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)-caused severe pneumonia is associated with high mortality rates, and treatment options are limited. Tetracyclines, including tigecycline and omadacycline, have in vitro activity against CRAB. We conducted this study to explore the efficacy of omadacycline in CRAB-caused severe pneumonia.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was performed by collecting data on severe CRAB-caused pneumonia cases treated with omadacycline or tigecycline at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024. A 1:1 propensity score-based matching design based on baseline characteristics was utilized. We compared the incidence of clinical response at day 14 or at the end of treatment (EOT) and other clinical outcomes between the two cohorts.ResultsA total of 40 patients were analyzed, with 20 patients in each cohort. The clinical success rate at day 14 or at the EOT was 65% (13/20) in the omadacycline group compared to 55% (11/20) in the tigecycline group. Both groups had an equal mortality rate, with 8 patients dying within 28 days. Development of tigecycline resistance was observed in one patient. The average duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressor, renal replacement therapy was also comparable in both groups. Adverse events occurred in 50% (10/20) of patients in the omadacycline group and 75% (15/20) in the tigecycline group, with coagulopathy being significantly lower in the omadacycline group (1/20, 5% vs. 7/20, 35%). Gastrointestinal events were reported in 10% (2/20) of the omadacycline group compared to 30% (6/20) in the tigecycline group. Abnormal liver function was observed in 9/20 patients (45%) in the omadacycline group and 6/20 patients (30%) in the tigecycline group.ConclusionThis pilot study was the first to explore the efficacy and safety of omadacycline in CRAB-caused pneumonia. Omadacycline demonstrated comparable efficacy to tigecycline in this small pilot study in the treatment of CRAB-caused pneumonia and has a lower incidence of coagulopathy compared to tigecycline, suggesting it may be a viable option, for treating CRAB-caused severe pneumonia, but further prospective research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1597860/fullomadacyclinetigecyclinecarbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanniipneumoniaretrospective matched cohort study
spellingShingle Dayu Chen
Yechao Chen
Yechao Chen
Na Hu
Qiaoling Gu
Qiaoling Gu
Jingjing Kan
Jingjing Kan
Jinchun Liu
Haixia Zhang
A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Frontiers in Microbiology
omadacycline
tigecycline
carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
pneumonia
retrospective matched cohort study
title A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
title_full A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
title_fullStr A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
title_full_unstemmed A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
title_short A matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
title_sort matched pilot cohort study of intravenous omadacycline in the treatment of severe pneumonia associated with carbapenem resistant acinetobacter baumannii
topic omadacycline
tigecycline
carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
pneumonia
retrospective matched cohort study
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1597860/full
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