Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component
In 2023 June, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic gravitational waves, have received widespread attention. When primo...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada6b4 |
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| author | Jing-Zhi Zhou Yu-Ting Kuang Zhe Chang H. Lü |
| author_facet | Jing-Zhi Zhou Yu-Ting Kuang Zhe Chang H. Lü |
| author_sort | Jing-Zhi Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 2023 June, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic gravitational waves, have received widespread attention. When primordial curvature perturbations on small scales are sufficiently large, primordial black holes (PBHs) inevitably form, concurrently producing SIGWs with significant observable effects. These SIGWs can serve as an additional radiation component, influencing the relativistic degrees of freedom N _eff . Taking into account primordial non-Gaussianity, we study the energy density spectrum of SIGWs up to the third order and use the current observational data of N _eff to constrain small-scale primordial curvature perturbations and the abundance of PBHs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-034e3f8b2927447eac87a68213daaa01 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-034e3f8b2927447eac87a68213daaa012025-01-27T14:11:09ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01979217810.3847/1538-4357/ada6b4Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation ComponentJing-Zhi Zhou0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-3182Yu-Ting Kuang1Zhe Chang2H. Lü3Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China ; zhoujingzhi@tju.edu.cnInstitute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaCenter for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China ; zhoujingzhi@tju.edu.cn; Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University , International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, People’s Republic of ChinaIn 2023 June, multiple pulsar timing array collaborations provided evidence for the existence of a stochastic gravitational-wave background. Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs), as one of the most likely sources of stochastic gravitational waves, have received widespread attention. When primordial curvature perturbations on small scales are sufficiently large, primordial black holes (PBHs) inevitably form, concurrently producing SIGWs with significant observable effects. These SIGWs can serve as an additional radiation component, influencing the relativistic degrees of freedom N _eff . Taking into account primordial non-Gaussianity, we study the energy density spectrum of SIGWs up to the third order and use the current observational data of N _eff to constrain small-scale primordial curvature perturbations and the abundance of PBHs.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada6b4Cosmic microwave background radiationCosmological parameters from large-scale structureGravitational wavesPrimordial black holesNon-GaussianityCosmology |
| spellingShingle | Jing-Zhi Zhou Yu-Ting Kuang Zhe Chang H. Lü Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component The Astrophysical Journal Cosmic microwave background radiation Cosmological parameters from large-scale structure Gravitational waves Primordial black holes Non-Gaussianity Cosmology |
| title | Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component |
| title_full | Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component |
| title_fullStr | Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component |
| title_full_unstemmed | Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component |
| title_short | Constraints on Primordial Black Holes from Neff: Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves as an Extra Radiation Component |
| title_sort | constraints on primordial black holes from neff scalar induced gravitational waves as an extra radiation component |
| topic | Cosmic microwave background radiation Cosmological parameters from large-scale structure Gravitational waves Primordial black holes Non-Gaussianity Cosmology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada6b4 |
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