Impacts of 360 mg/kg Niacinamide Supplementation in Low-Protein Diets on Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in Growing–Finishing Pigs

Impacts of 360 mg/kg Niacinamide Supplementation in Low-Protein Diets on Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in Growing–Finishing Pigs

This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding 360 mg/kg niacinamide (NAM) to diets on nutrient metabolism, providing insights into how dietary NAM supplementation enhances nitrogen utilization and growth performance in pigs. Forty growing–finishing pigs were randomly assigned to one of four...

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Main Authors: Xiaoyi Long, Haiyang Wei, Zhenyang Wang, Zhiru Tang, Yetong Xu, Xie Peng, Zhihong Sun, Liuting Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
growing–finishing pigs
niacinamide
microbial metabolome
intestinal function
nutrient metabolism
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2088
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Summary:This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding 360 mg/kg niacinamide (NAM) to diets on nutrient metabolism, providing insights into how dietary NAM supplementation enhances nitrogen utilization and growth performance in pigs. Forty growing–finishing pigs were randomly assigned to one of four experimental diets as follows: basal diet + 30 mg/kg NAM (CON), basal diet + 360 mg/kg NAM (CON + NAM), low-protein diet + 30 mg/kg NAM (LP), and low-protein diet + 360 mg/kg NAM (LP + NAM). Results showed that supplementation of both the CON and LP diets with 360 mg/kg NAM resulted in decreased urea nitrogen concentrations and carbamyl phosphate synthetase-I activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the serum and liver, as well as the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 in the ileum mucosa, was increased by supplementing the LP diet with 360 mg/kg NAM (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The LP diet with 360 mg/kg NAM increased the villi length to crypt depth, mRNA expression of glucose transporters 1 and 2 and alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1, and mRNA expression of mechanistic target of the rapamycin 1 in the ileum (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, 360 mg/kg NAM supplementation in the LP diet reduced ileal <i>Lactobacillus</i> abundance (LDA > 4) and increased ileal microbial nucleotide and purine metabolism (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Our findings suggest that addition of 360 mg/kg NAM to the LP diet reduced urea production in the liver, enhanced glucose and amino acid absorption and transport in the ileum, and improved glucose metabolism.
ISSN:2076-2615

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