Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials

Pure phase change materials (PCMs) have drawbacks such as low thermal conductivity and poor physical properties like flammability, which limit their further application in battery thermal management systems. This paper introduces an innovative flame-retardant composite phase change material (CPCM) m...

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Main Authors: Jiaxin Zhang, Jiajun Zhao, Yin Chen, Mingyi Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/50
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author Jiaxin Zhang
Jiajun Zhao
Yin Chen
Mingyi Chen
author_facet Jiaxin Zhang
Jiajun Zhao
Yin Chen
Mingyi Chen
author_sort Jiaxin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Pure phase change materials (PCMs) have drawbacks such as low thermal conductivity and poor physical properties like flammability, which limit their further application in battery thermal management systems. This paper introduces an innovative flame-retardant composite phase change material (CPCM) made from paraffin, expanded graphite, chitosan (CS), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP). The physicochemical properties and flame-retardant performance of CPCMs with five different flame-retardant ratios of 9%, 12%, 15%, 18%, and 21% are studied, and their application effects in battery thermal safety are revealed. The results show that the combination of flame retardants CS, APP, and AHP exhibits effective synergistic effects, and the prepared CPCM exhibits good flame-retardant properties and thermal management effects. The CPCM exhibits outstanding thermal management performance when the flame-retardant content is 12%. At a maximum discharge rate of 3C, compared to natural air-cooling conditions, the maximum battery temperature and temperature difference are controlled within the safe range of 41 °C and below 5 °C, respectively. The CPCM can play an important role in the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries.
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spelling doaj-art-0338765ea8774510bc7538fab286abae2025-08-20T03:12:10ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-01-011125010.3390/batteries11020050Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change MaterialsJiaxin Zhang0Jiajun Zhao1Yin Chen2Mingyi Chen3School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSchool of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaPure phase change materials (PCMs) have drawbacks such as low thermal conductivity and poor physical properties like flammability, which limit their further application in battery thermal management systems. This paper introduces an innovative flame-retardant composite phase change material (CPCM) made from paraffin, expanded graphite, chitosan (CS), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP). The physicochemical properties and flame-retardant performance of CPCMs with five different flame-retardant ratios of 9%, 12%, 15%, 18%, and 21% are studied, and their application effects in battery thermal safety are revealed. The results show that the combination of flame retardants CS, APP, and AHP exhibits effective synergistic effects, and the prepared CPCM exhibits good flame-retardant properties and thermal management effects. The CPCM exhibits outstanding thermal management performance when the flame-retardant content is 12%. At a maximum discharge rate of 3C, compared to natural air-cooling conditions, the maximum battery temperature and temperature difference are controlled within the safe range of 41 °C and below 5 °C, respectively. The CPCM can play an important role in the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/50composite phase change materialsflame retardancybattery thermal management
spellingShingle Jiaxin Zhang
Jiajun Zhao
Yin Chen
Mingyi Chen
Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials
Batteries
composite phase change materials
flame retardancy
battery thermal management
title Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials
title_full Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials
title_fullStr Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials
title_full_unstemmed Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials
title_short Thermal Safety Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Flame-Retardant Phase Change Materials
title_sort thermal safety research of lithium ion batteries based on flame retardant phase change materials
topic composite phase change materials
flame retardancy
battery thermal management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/2/50
work_keys_str_mv AT jiaxinzhang thermalsafetyresearchoflithiumionbatteriesbasedonflameretardantphasechangematerials
AT jiajunzhao thermalsafetyresearchoflithiumionbatteriesbasedonflameretardantphasechangematerials
AT yinchen thermalsafetyresearchoflithiumionbatteriesbasedonflameretardantphasechangematerials
AT mingyichen thermalsafetyresearchoflithiumionbatteriesbasedonflameretardantphasechangematerials