The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review
PurposeImbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells correlated with increased disease incidence, is well-documented in the older adult. Both acute and chronic exercise induce a transient shift in organic homeostasis, modulating the immune system and impacting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells. This revie...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1453747/full |
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| author | Thiago Henrique Teodoro Katerine Palharini Manfrin Costa Jonato Prestes José Campanholi James Navalta Guilherme Borges Pereira |
| author_facet | Thiago Henrique Teodoro Katerine Palharini Manfrin Costa Jonato Prestes José Campanholi James Navalta Guilherme Borges Pereira |
| author_sort | Thiago Henrique Teodoro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PurposeImbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells correlated with increased disease incidence, is well-documented in the older adult. Both acute and chronic exercise induce a transient shift in organic homeostasis, modulating the immune system and impacting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells. This review investigates the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of Th1 and Th2 cells in the older adults.MethodsThis study was conducted as a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched until March 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies that examined the effects of acute and chronic exercise on intracellular and surface markers, cytokines, and immunoglobulins in older adults. Studies involving animal subjects, isolated cells, diseased patients, or exposure to medications and drugs were excluded. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB2), with data organized and presented in tables and figures.ResultsFourteen studies with 525 participants were included in the analysis. An acute session significantly increased serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels immediately afterward, returning to baseline within 1 hour at moderate to high intensities. Chronic exercise at moderate to high intensities reduced serum TNF-α, IL-6, and the CD4/CD8 ratio, while increasing IL-10 levels after 24 weeks. Intracellular, other surface markers and cytokines, and immunoglobulins were not analyzed.ConclusionChronic exercise decreases serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, lowers the CD4/CD8 ratio, and increases IL-10 after 24 weeks, aiding Th1 and Th2 balance. Acute exercise temporarily increases serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, returning to baseline within an hour, indicating short-term immune modulation of Th1/Th2 balance.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021244426, Identifier CRD42021244426. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0335c94456344dbab4c7c7212864b278 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-0335c94456344dbab4c7c7212864b2782025-02-11T06:59:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-02-011610.3389/fphys.2025.14537471453747The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic reviewThiago Henrique Teodoro0Katerine Palharini Manfrin Costa1Jonato Prestes2José Campanholi3James Navalta4Guilherme Borges Pereira5Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, BrazilLaboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, BrazilGraduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, BrazilDepartment of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, BrazilDepartment of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United StatesLaboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, BrazilPurposeImbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells correlated with increased disease incidence, is well-documented in the older adult. Both acute and chronic exercise induce a transient shift in organic homeostasis, modulating the immune system and impacting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells. This review investigates the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of Th1 and Th2 cells in the older adults.MethodsThis study was conducted as a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched until March 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies that examined the effects of acute and chronic exercise on intracellular and surface markers, cytokines, and immunoglobulins in older adults. Studies involving animal subjects, isolated cells, diseased patients, or exposure to medications and drugs were excluded. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB2), with data organized and presented in tables and figures.ResultsFourteen studies with 525 participants were included in the analysis. An acute session significantly increased serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels immediately afterward, returning to baseline within 1 hour at moderate to high intensities. Chronic exercise at moderate to high intensities reduced serum TNF-α, IL-6, and the CD4/CD8 ratio, while increasing IL-10 levels after 24 weeks. Intracellular, other surface markers and cytokines, and immunoglobulins were not analyzed.ConclusionChronic exercise decreases serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, lowers the CD4/CD8 ratio, and increases IL-10 after 24 weeks, aiding Th1 and Th2 balance. Acute exercise temporarily increases serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, returning to baseline within an hour, indicating short-term immune modulation of Th1/Th2 balance.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021244426, Identifier CRD42021244426.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1453747/fullacute exercisechronic exerciseimmune systemexercise immunologyTh1 cellsTh2 cells |
| spellingShingle | Thiago Henrique Teodoro Katerine Palharini Manfrin Costa Jonato Prestes José Campanholi James Navalta Guilherme Borges Pereira The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review Frontiers in Physiology acute exercise chronic exercise immune system exercise immunology Th1 cells Th2 cells |
| title | The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review |
| title_full | The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review |
| title_short | The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review |
| title_sort | effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of th1 th2 cells in older adults a systematic review |
| topic | acute exercise chronic exercise immune system exercise immunology Th1 cells Th2 cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1453747/full |
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