Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells
<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> has been used both as a food and in traditional medicine. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal diseases have not been studied. We examined the anti-inflammatory properties of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract in RAW 264.7 cel...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/12/799 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850241764530585600 |
|---|---|
| author | Min-jeong Kim Hyun-jin Kim |
| author_facet | Min-jeong Kim Hyun-jin Kim |
| author_sort | Min-jeong Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> has been used both as a food and in traditional medicine. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal diseases have not been studied. We examined the anti-inflammatory properties of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. The cytotoxicity of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract was evaluated using the MTS assay. Its effect on NO production was then measured using the NO assay. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was performed to investigate the expression of regulatory proteins involved in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract significantly inhibited NO production without cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Following <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> stimulation, treatment with the extract decreased iNOS mRNA expression and protein levels, which are responsible for NO production. The extract also suppressed the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating signaling molecules such as IKK and IκBα, while also preventing the phosphorylation of MAPK, including ERK, p38, and JNK, showing anti-inflammatory potential. Therefore, it may be a promising natural candidate for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for periodontitis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-032fc89f57b94012aa942030118e30e1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-032fc89f57b94012aa942030118e30e12025-08-20T02:00:29ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452024-11-014612134051341710.3390/cimb46120799Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 CellsMin-jeong Kim0Hyun-jin Kim1Department of Convergence Technology for Food Industry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Biomaterial • Implant, Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> has been used both as a food and in traditional medicine. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal diseases have not been studied. We examined the anti-inflammatory properties of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>. The cytotoxicity of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract was evaluated using the MTS assay. Its effect on NO production was then measured using the NO assay. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was performed to investigate the expression of regulatory proteins involved in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract significantly inhibited NO production without cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Following <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> stimulation, treatment with the extract decreased iNOS mRNA expression and protein levels, which are responsible for NO production. The extract also suppressed the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> extract inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating signaling molecules such as IKK and IκBα, while also preventing the phosphorylation of MAPK, including ERK, p38, and JNK, showing anti-inflammatory potential. Therefore, it may be a promising natural candidate for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/12/799<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>anti-inflammatory<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>periodontitisNF-κBMAPK |
| spellingShingle | Min-jeong Kim Hyun-jin Kim Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells Current Issues in Molecular Biology <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> anti-inflammatory <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> periodontitis NF-κB MAPK |
| title | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells |
| title_full | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells |
| title_short | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> Extract in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory effects of i apostichopus japonicus i extract in i porphyromonas gingivalis i stimulated raw 264 7 cells |
| topic | <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> anti-inflammatory <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> periodontitis NF-κB MAPK |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/46/12/799 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minjeongkim antiinflammatoryeffectsofiapostichopusjaponicusiextractiniporphyromonasgingivalisistimulatedraw2647cells AT hyunjinkim antiinflammatoryeffectsofiapostichopusjaponicusiextractiniporphyromonasgingivalisistimulatedraw2647cells |