Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents
This research demonstrates that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can eliminate sulfur compounds, which are corrosive and carcinogenic species, from model petroleum products through liquid-liquid extraction. Several monoprotic acids, including formic acid and acetic acid, are used to make DESs, along w...
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Koya University
2024-12-01
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| Series: | ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University |
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| Online Access: | http://aro.koyauniversity.org/index.php/aro/article/view/1776 |
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| author | Yousif T. Maaroof Idrees B. Qader Hani K. Ismail Hardi Q. Hamad Sardasht R. Taher |
| author_facet | Yousif T. Maaroof Idrees B. Qader Hani K. Ismail Hardi Q. Hamad Sardasht R. Taher |
| author_sort | Yousif T. Maaroof |
| collection | DOAJ |
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This research demonstrates that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can eliminate sulfur compounds, which are corrosive and carcinogenic species, from model petroleum products through liquid-liquid extraction. Several monoprotic acids, including formic acid and acetic acid, are used to make DESs, along with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor. These DESs are used for the first time to remove sulfur compounds (thiophene and dibenzothiophene) from an alkane as a model hydrocarbon (n-octane), which is used instead of crude oil as the latter contains a variety of species, including nitrogen compounds, hydrocarbons, and oxygen. The optimal parameters for the removal of sulfur are discussed, including the extraction temperature, reaction time, and mass ratio of DES to the model hydrocarbon, whilst the regeneration of DESs is also considered. H2O2 and iron oxide (Fe3O4) are also used as nanoparticle (NP) catalysts to enhance the sulfur removal process. Several characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and transmission electron microscopy, are used to determine the structural characteristics of the Fe3O4 NPs. The results show that acetic acid, as a monoprotic acid-based DES, is able to remove more than 86% of the sulfur molecules from model petroleum products when the mass ratio of DES to model petroleum products is 2:1, at 30°C and within 60 min. This research provides an important opportunity to advance our understanding of the role of DESs in removing carcinogenic and corrosive particles in industrial processes.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-032d4ded20fe4a8ab3735de6db68ef79 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2410-9355 2307-549X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Koya University |
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| series | ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University |
| spelling | doaj-art-032d4ded20fe4a8ab3735de6db68ef792025-08-20T02:39:51ZengKoya UniversityARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University2410-93552307-549X2024-12-0112210.14500/aro.11776Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic SolventsYousif T. Maaroof0Idrees B. Qader1Hani K. Ismail2Hardi Q. Hamad3Sardasht R. Taher4Department of Petroleum Technology, Erbil Technology College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq (1) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; (2) Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, University of Kurdistan-Hawler, Erbil, Kurdistan Region – F.R. IraqDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya, KOY45, Kurdistan Region – F.R., IraqDepartment of Petroleum Technology, Chemical Analysis, Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region – F.R. IraqDepartment of Petroleum Technology, Chemical Analysis, Koya Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region – F.R. Iraq This research demonstrates that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can eliminate sulfur compounds, which are corrosive and carcinogenic species, from model petroleum products through liquid-liquid extraction. Several monoprotic acids, including formic acid and acetic acid, are used to make DESs, along with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor. These DESs are used for the first time to remove sulfur compounds (thiophene and dibenzothiophene) from an alkane as a model hydrocarbon (n-octane), which is used instead of crude oil as the latter contains a variety of species, including nitrogen compounds, hydrocarbons, and oxygen. The optimal parameters for the removal of sulfur are discussed, including the extraction temperature, reaction time, and mass ratio of DES to the model hydrocarbon, whilst the regeneration of DESs is also considered. H2O2 and iron oxide (Fe3O4) are also used as nanoparticle (NP) catalysts to enhance the sulfur removal process. Several characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray, and transmission electron microscopy, are used to determine the structural characteristics of the Fe3O4 NPs. The results show that acetic acid, as a monoprotic acid-based DES, is able to remove more than 86% of the sulfur molecules from model petroleum products when the mass ratio of DES to model petroleum products is 2:1, at 30°C and within 60 min. This research provides an important opportunity to advance our understanding of the role of DESs in removing carcinogenic and corrosive particles in industrial processes. http://aro.koyauniversity.org/index.php/aro/article/view/1776Air pollutionDesulfurizationDeep eutectic solventsModel petroleumSolvent extraction |
| spellingShingle | Yousif T. Maaroof Idrees B. Qader Hani K. Ismail Hardi Q. Hamad Sardasht R. Taher Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University Air pollution Desulfurization Deep eutectic solvents Model petroleum Solvent extraction |
| title | Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_full | Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_fullStr | Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_short | Extraction of Sulfur Compounds from Model Petroleum Products using Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles and Acetic Acid-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride based on Deep Eutectic Solvents |
| title_sort | extraction of sulfur compounds from model petroleum products using fe3 o4 nanoparticles and acetic acid 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium chloride based on deep eutectic solvents |
| topic | Air pollution Desulfurization Deep eutectic solvents Model petroleum Solvent extraction |
| url | http://aro.koyauniversity.org/index.php/aro/article/view/1776 |
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