Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang Island

This study aimed to increase alternate methods of managing waste problems on Si Chang Island, where crushed glass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) granules were used in the production of paving blocks. This study used these materials as fine aggregates for the production of paving blocks with a...

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Main Authors: Pornpan Kuekham, Nannaphat Peeraphunkuldech, Nuta Supakata
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424003633
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author Pornpan Kuekham
Nannaphat Peeraphunkuldech
Nuta Supakata
author_facet Pornpan Kuekham
Nannaphat Peeraphunkuldech
Nuta Supakata
author_sort Pornpan Kuekham
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to increase alternate methods of managing waste problems on Si Chang Island, where crushed glass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) granules were used in the production of paving blocks. This study used these materials as fine aggregates for the production of paving blocks with a mold size of 50 × 50 × 50 mm. We tested six ratios of paving block by replacing sand with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % wt. of crushed glass and 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % wt. of HDPE granules. The initial binder to fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio was 1:2:2. The water-to-cement ratio was 0.4, and the superplasticizer-to-cement ratio was 0.005. After curing in water at room temperature for 28 days, the specimens’ compressive strength, water absorption, and carbon emissions were tested. The findings show that replacing sand with 20 % crushed glass resulted in the highest compressive strength (27.00 MPa) and that substituting sand with 20 % HDPE granules resulted in the lowest compressive strength (3.60 MPa). Replacing sand with crushed glass reduced the water absorption value, and substituting sand with HDPE granules increased water absorption. The highest compressive strength specimen had a carbon footprint higher than the control due to the carbon emissions produced by using a glass grinding machine. In terms of usage, while no specimens were compliant with the American Society for Testing and Materials C140 standard, all ratios were compliant with the Thai Industrial Standards Institute 378–2531 standard. Thus, they are suitable for use as concrete tiles and walkways in public areas such as parks. However, the glass and plastic grinding process should be improved to reduce carbon emissions.
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spelling doaj-art-031f6ca9fa834825abe160a1ed33ae372025-08-20T02:17:58ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642024-12-011010096910.1016/j.cscee.2024.100969Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang IslandPornpan Kuekham0Nannaphat Peeraphunkuldech1Nuta Supakata2Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Unit (RU) of Waste Utilization and Ecological Risk Assessment, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand; Corresponding author. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.This study aimed to increase alternate methods of managing waste problems on Si Chang Island, where crushed glass and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) granules were used in the production of paving blocks. This study used these materials as fine aggregates for the production of paving blocks with a mold size of 50 × 50 × 50 mm. We tested six ratios of paving block by replacing sand with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % wt. of crushed glass and 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % wt. of HDPE granules. The initial binder to fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio was 1:2:2. The water-to-cement ratio was 0.4, and the superplasticizer-to-cement ratio was 0.005. After curing in water at room temperature for 28 days, the specimens’ compressive strength, water absorption, and carbon emissions were tested. The findings show that replacing sand with 20 % crushed glass resulted in the highest compressive strength (27.00 MPa) and that substituting sand with 20 % HDPE granules resulted in the lowest compressive strength (3.60 MPa). Replacing sand with crushed glass reduced the water absorption value, and substituting sand with HDPE granules increased water absorption. The highest compressive strength specimen had a carbon footprint higher than the control due to the carbon emissions produced by using a glass grinding machine. In terms of usage, while no specimens were compliant with the American Society for Testing and Materials C140 standard, all ratios were compliant with the Thai Industrial Standards Institute 378–2531 standard. Thus, they are suitable for use as concrete tiles and walkways in public areas such as parks. However, the glass and plastic grinding process should be improved to reduce carbon emissions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424003633Crushed glassHDPE granulesPaving blockCarbon footprint
spellingShingle Pornpan Kuekham
Nannaphat Peeraphunkuldech
Nuta Supakata
Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang Island
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering
Crushed glass
HDPE granules
Paving block
Carbon footprint
title Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang Island
title_full Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang Island
title_fullStr Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang Island
title_full_unstemmed Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang Island
title_short Paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high-density polyethylene: A case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on Si Chang Island
title_sort paving blocks produced with crushed glass and high density polyethylene a case study of glass bottle and plastic waste management on si chang island
topic Crushed glass
HDPE granules
Paving block
Carbon footprint
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424003633
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