Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to its sensory and health benefits. The caffeine content, a bioactive compound of coffee, depends on many factors, including the brewing method, which is the subject of ongoing scientific research. In addition, various methods are...

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Main Authors: Iwona Mystkowska, Aleksandra Dmitrowicz, Monika Sijko-Szpańska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11395
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author Iwona Mystkowska
Aleksandra Dmitrowicz
Monika Sijko-Szpańska
author_facet Iwona Mystkowska
Aleksandra Dmitrowicz
Monika Sijko-Szpańska
author_sort Iwona Mystkowska
collection DOAJ
description Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to its sensory and health benefits. The caffeine content, a bioactive compound of coffee, depends on many factors, including the brewing method, which is the subject of ongoing scientific research. In addition, various methods are used in studies to determine the caffeine content. However, it is worth noting that there is considerable variation in the individual analytical parameters within these methods. The aim of this study was to update the data on the effects of different brewing methods on the caffeine content of the brew and to present the current state of knowledge on techniques for the determination of this compound. A literature review was conducted, taking into account the latest studies in this field. The results showed that the caffeine content (mg/100 mL) of the brew prepared with the Cold Brew method was 48.50–179.95, Espresso—50.40–965.60, French Press—52.00–123.90, AeroPress—56.35–120.92, and Moka—128.00–539.90. These methods were characterized by different brewing parameters (time, water temperature and pressure, ratio of coffee to water), which differentiated the caffeine content. In addition, some methods were characterized by a wide range of caffeine content, suggesting that even minor variations in brewing method parameters may affect the content of this ingredient. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was the predominant method used. The detector wavelengths, along with other parameters of the HPLC method, such as gradient profiles and column temperatures, can affect the precision and accuracy of the analysis, and these differences can modify analyte retention and detection, leading to discrepancies in results. These results point to the need for studies that consider various brewing methods and a wide range of coffee types, including roast and origin, to accurately determine the effects of these factors on caffeine content determined by one precise method.
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spelling doaj-art-030716b4b98149b69dc0f887b6c9cff02025-08-20T01:55:41ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114231139510.3390/app142311395Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing MethodsIwona Mystkowska0Aleksandra Dmitrowicz1Monika Sijko-Szpańska2Department of Dietetics, John Paul II University in Biała Podlaska, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, PolandRegional Research Centre on Environment, Agriculture and Innovative Technologies EKO-AGRO-TECH, John Paul II University in Biała Podlaska, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, PolandRegional Research Centre on Environment, Agriculture and Innovative Technologies EKO-AGRO-TECH, John Paul II University in Biała Podlaska, Sidorska 95/97, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, PolandCoffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to its sensory and health benefits. The caffeine content, a bioactive compound of coffee, depends on many factors, including the brewing method, which is the subject of ongoing scientific research. In addition, various methods are used in studies to determine the caffeine content. However, it is worth noting that there is considerable variation in the individual analytical parameters within these methods. The aim of this study was to update the data on the effects of different brewing methods on the caffeine content of the brew and to present the current state of knowledge on techniques for the determination of this compound. A literature review was conducted, taking into account the latest studies in this field. The results showed that the caffeine content (mg/100 mL) of the brew prepared with the Cold Brew method was 48.50–179.95, Espresso—50.40–965.60, French Press—52.00–123.90, AeroPress—56.35–120.92, and Moka—128.00–539.90. These methods were characterized by different brewing parameters (time, water temperature and pressure, ratio of coffee to water), which differentiated the caffeine content. In addition, some methods were characterized by a wide range of caffeine content, suggesting that even minor variations in brewing method parameters may affect the content of this ingredient. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was the predominant method used. The detector wavelengths, along with other parameters of the HPLC method, such as gradient profiles and column temperatures, can affect the precision and accuracy of the analysis, and these differences can modify analyte retention and detection, leading to discrepancies in results. These results point to the need for studies that consider various brewing methods and a wide range of coffee types, including roast and origin, to accurately determine the effects of these factors on caffeine content determined by one precise method.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11395coffeecaffeineHPLCanalytical methodsquantificationbrewing methods
spellingShingle Iwona Mystkowska
Aleksandra Dmitrowicz
Monika Sijko-Szpańska
Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods
Applied Sciences
coffee
caffeine
HPLC
analytical methods
quantification
brewing methods
title Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods
title_full Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods
title_fullStr Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods
title_short Quantitative Analysis of Caffeine in Roasted Coffee: A Comparison of Brewing Methods
title_sort quantitative analysis of caffeine in roasted coffee a comparison of brewing methods
topic coffee
caffeine
HPLC
analytical methods
quantification
brewing methods
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11395
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AT monikasijkoszpanska quantitativeanalysisofcaffeineinroastedcoffeeacomparisonofbrewingmethods