Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Haemophilus parainfluenzae, which uncommonly causes endocarditis, has never been documented to cause mural involvement. A 62-year-old immunocompetent female without predisposing risk factors for endocarditis except for poor dentition presented with fever, emesis, and dysmetria. Echocardiography foun...

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Main Authors: Luca T. Giurgea, Tim Lahey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2016-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3639517
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author Luca T. Giurgea
Tim Lahey
author_facet Luca T. Giurgea
Tim Lahey
author_sort Luca T. Giurgea
collection DOAJ
description Haemophilus parainfluenzae, which uncommonly causes endocarditis, has never been documented to cause mural involvement. A 62-year-old immunocompetent female without predisposing risk factors for endocarditis except for poor dentition presented with fever, emesis, and dysmetria. Echocardiography found a mass attached to the left ventricular wall with finger-like projections. Computed tomography showed evidence of embolic phenomena to the brain, kidneys, spleen, and colon. Cardiac MRI revealed involvement of the chordae tendineae of the anterior papillary muscles. Blood cultures grew Haemophilus parainfluenzae. The patient was treated successfully with ceftriaxone with resolution of symptoms, including neurologic deficits. After eleven days of antibiotics a worsening holosystolic murmur was discovered. Worsening mitral regurgitation on echocardiography was only found three weeks later. Nine weeks after presentation, intraoperative evaluation revealed chord rupture but no residual vegetation and mitral repair was performed. Four weeks after surgery, the patient was back to her baseline. This case illustrates the ability of Haemophilus parainfluenzae to form large mural vegetations with high propensity of embolization in otherwise normal cardiac tissue among patients with dental risk factors. It also underscores the importance of physical examination in establishing a diagnosis of endocarditis and monitoring for progression of disease.
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spelling doaj-art-0302032cab6a40faa85b3d75500a47c62025-08-20T02:03:27ZengWileyCase Reports in Infectious Diseases2090-66252090-66332016-01-01201610.1155/2016/36395173639517Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the LiteratureLuca T. Giurgea0Tim Lahey1Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USASection of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USAHaemophilus parainfluenzae, which uncommonly causes endocarditis, has never been documented to cause mural involvement. A 62-year-old immunocompetent female without predisposing risk factors for endocarditis except for poor dentition presented with fever, emesis, and dysmetria. Echocardiography found a mass attached to the left ventricular wall with finger-like projections. Computed tomography showed evidence of embolic phenomena to the brain, kidneys, spleen, and colon. Cardiac MRI revealed involvement of the chordae tendineae of the anterior papillary muscles. Blood cultures grew Haemophilus parainfluenzae. The patient was treated successfully with ceftriaxone with resolution of symptoms, including neurologic deficits. After eleven days of antibiotics a worsening holosystolic murmur was discovered. Worsening mitral regurgitation on echocardiography was only found three weeks later. Nine weeks after presentation, intraoperative evaluation revealed chord rupture but no residual vegetation and mitral repair was performed. Four weeks after surgery, the patient was back to her baseline. This case illustrates the ability of Haemophilus parainfluenzae to form large mural vegetations with high propensity of embolization in otherwise normal cardiac tissue among patients with dental risk factors. It also underscores the importance of physical examination in establishing a diagnosis of endocarditis and monitoring for progression of disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3639517
spellingShingle Luca T. Giurgea
Tim Lahey
Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
title Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_short Haemophilus parainfluenzae Mural Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
title_sort haemophilus parainfluenzae mural endocarditis case report and review of the literature
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3639517
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