Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar Scaffolds
Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrillar scaffolds loaded with ibuprofen (IBU) using electrospinning (ES) and air-jet spinning (AJS). The scaffolds were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, drug release profiles, and biocompatibility to assess their p...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/106 |
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| author | Esteban Mena-Porras Annaby Contreras-Aleman María Francinie Guevara-Hidalgo Esteban Avendaño Soto Diego Batista Menezes Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños |
| author_facet | Esteban Mena-Porras Annaby Contreras-Aleman María Francinie Guevara-Hidalgo Esteban Avendaño Soto Diego Batista Menezes Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños |
| author_sort | Esteban Mena-Porras |
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| description | Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrillar scaffolds loaded with ibuprofen (IBU) using electrospinning (ES) and air-jet spinning (AJS). The scaffolds were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, drug release profiles, and biocompatibility to assess their potential for local analgesic applications. Methods: Solutions of 10% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) PLA combined with IBU at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% were processed into nanofibrillar membranes using ES and AJS. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The drug release profile was assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and cell adhesion and viability were evaluated using fibroblast culture assays. Statistical analyses included qualitative analyses, <i>t</i>-tests, and Likelihood ratio tests. Results: SEM revealed randomly arranged nanofibers forming reticulated meshes, with more uniform dimensions observed in the AJS group. TGA and DSC analyses confirmed the thermodynamic stability of the scaffolds and enthalpy changes consistent with IBU incorporation, which FT-IR and UV-Vis validated. Drug release was sustained over 384 h, showing no significant differences between ES and AJS scaffolds (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Cytotoxicity and cell viability assays confirmed scaffold biocompatibility, with cellular responses proportional to drug concentration but within safe limits. Conclusions: PLA-IBU nanofibrillar scaffolds were successfully synthesized using ES and AJS. Both methods yielded biocompatible systems with stable properties and controlled drug release. Further, in vivo studies are necessary to confirm their clinical potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-02ff7429d9af4a74972321528aa0fdad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-02ff7429d9af4a74972321528aa0fdad2025-01-24T13:45:59ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-01-0117110610.3390/pharmaceutics17010106Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar ScaffoldsEsteban Mena-Porras0Annaby Contreras-Aleman1María Francinie Guevara-Hidalgo2Esteban Avendaño Soto3Diego Batista Menezes4Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez5Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños6School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa RicaSchool of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa RicaSchool of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa RicaCentro de Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales (CICIMA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa RicaLaboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología (LANOTEC), Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnología (CENAT), San Jose 10109, Costa RicaTissue Bioengineering Laboratory, DEPeI-FO, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, MexicoPrograma de Posgrado en Odontología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa RicaObjectives: This study aimed to synthesize polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrillar scaffolds loaded with ibuprofen (IBU) using electrospinning (ES) and air-jet spinning (AJS). The scaffolds were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, drug release profiles, and biocompatibility to assess their potential for local analgesic applications. Methods: Solutions of 10% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) PLA combined with IBU at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% were processed into nanofibrillar membranes using ES and AJS. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The drug release profile was assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and cell adhesion and viability were evaluated using fibroblast culture assays. Statistical analyses included qualitative analyses, <i>t</i>-tests, and Likelihood ratio tests. Results: SEM revealed randomly arranged nanofibers forming reticulated meshes, with more uniform dimensions observed in the AJS group. TGA and DSC analyses confirmed the thermodynamic stability of the scaffolds and enthalpy changes consistent with IBU incorporation, which FT-IR and UV-Vis validated. Drug release was sustained over 384 h, showing no significant differences between ES and AJS scaffolds (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Cytotoxicity and cell viability assays confirmed scaffold biocompatibility, with cellular responses proportional to drug concentration but within safe limits. Conclusions: PLA-IBU nanofibrillar scaffolds were successfully synthesized using ES and AJS. Both methods yielded biocompatible systems with stable properties and controlled drug release. Further, in vivo studies are necessary to confirm their clinical potential.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/106drug delivery systemibuprofenpolylactic acidscaffoldcontrolled release |
| spellingShingle | Esteban Mena-Porras Annaby Contreras-Aleman María Francinie Guevara-Hidalgo Esteban Avendaño Soto Diego Batista Menezes Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar Scaffolds Pharmaceutics drug delivery system ibuprofen polylactic acid scaffold controlled release |
| title | Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar Scaffolds |
| title_full | Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar Scaffolds |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar Scaffolds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar Scaffolds |
| title_short | Comparison of Two Synthesis Methods for 3D PLA-Ibuprofen Nanofibrillar Scaffolds |
| title_sort | comparison of two synthesis methods for 3d pla ibuprofen nanofibrillar scaffolds |
| topic | drug delivery system ibuprofen polylactic acid scaffold controlled release |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/1/106 |
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