Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds

Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological condition in veterinary medicine, with chondrodystrophic breeds being particularly susceptible. Studies have compared breed-related risks and clinical characteristics, but here, we investigate the disease in three common chondrodystrophic...

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Main Authors: Jad Abouzeid, Nick Grapes, Sam Khan, Steven De Decker, Paul Freeman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/602
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author Jad Abouzeid
Nick Grapes
Sam Khan
Steven De Decker
Paul Freeman
author_facet Jad Abouzeid
Nick Grapes
Sam Khan
Steven De Decker
Paul Freeman
author_sort Jad Abouzeid
collection DOAJ
description Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological condition in veterinary medicine, with chondrodystrophic breeds being particularly susceptible. Studies have compared breed-related risks and clinical characteristics, but here, we investigate the disease in three common chondrodystrophic breeds, the English cocker spaniel, French bulldog and dachshund, and aim to describe and compare the clinical features and anatomical distribution between them. We performed a multicentre retrospective observational study that included 465 dachshunds, 327 French bulldogs and 145 English cocker spaniels with an imaging confirmed diagnosis of IVDE. The mean age at presentation differed in all three breeds, with the French bulldog presenting youngest and English cocker spaniels presenting oldest. IVDE was most common in the thoracolumbar region in all three breeds, although French bulldogs showed the highest proportion of cervical IVDE, dachshunds the highest proportion of thoracolumbar IVDE, and English cocker spaniels the highest proportion of lumbosacral IVDE. The results of this study suggest a differing clinical presentation for IVDE between these three breeds with regard to both the age of onset and the anatomical region most likely to be affected.
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spelling doaj-art-02f3b4e180a44c478fa86d899a9d3cb32025-08-20T02:44:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-02-0115460210.3390/ani15040602Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and DachshundsJad Abouzeid0Nick Grapes1Sam Khan2Steven De Decker3Paul Freeman4Neurology and Neurosurgery, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cranes Point, Gardiners Lane South, Basildon SS14 3AP, UKNeurology and Neurosurgery, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Manor Farm Business Park, High Gobion SG5 3HR, UKQueen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UKDepartment of Clinical Science & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKQueen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UKIntervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological condition in veterinary medicine, with chondrodystrophic breeds being particularly susceptible. Studies have compared breed-related risks and clinical characteristics, but here, we investigate the disease in three common chondrodystrophic breeds, the English cocker spaniel, French bulldog and dachshund, and aim to describe and compare the clinical features and anatomical distribution between them. We performed a multicentre retrospective observational study that included 465 dachshunds, 327 French bulldogs and 145 English cocker spaniels with an imaging confirmed diagnosis of IVDE. The mean age at presentation differed in all three breeds, with the French bulldog presenting youngest and English cocker spaniels presenting oldest. IVDE was most common in the thoracolumbar region in all three breeds, although French bulldogs showed the highest proportion of cervical IVDE, dachshunds the highest proportion of thoracolumbar IVDE, and English cocker spaniels the highest proportion of lumbosacral IVDE. The results of this study suggest a differing clinical presentation for IVDE between these three breeds with regard to both the age of onset and the anatomical region most likely to be affected.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/602intervertebral disc diseaseintervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE)spinal cord injurychondrodystrophiccanineEnglish cocker spaniel
spellingShingle Jad Abouzeid
Nick Grapes
Sam Khan
Steven De Decker
Paul Freeman
Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds
Animals
intervertebral disc disease
intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE)
spinal cord injury
chondrodystrophic
canine
English cocker spaniel
title Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds
title_full Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds
title_fullStr Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds
title_short Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds
title_sort comparison of clinical features of intervertebral disc extrusions in english cocker spaniels french bulldogs and dachshunds
topic intervertebral disc disease
intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE)
spinal cord injury
chondrodystrophic
canine
English cocker spaniel
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/602
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