Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds
Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological condition in veterinary medicine, with chondrodystrophic breeds being particularly susceptible. Studies have compared breed-related risks and clinical characteristics, but here, we investigate the disease in three common chondrodystrophic...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| author | Jad Abouzeid Nick Grapes Sam Khan Steven De Decker Paul Freeman |
| author_facet | Jad Abouzeid Nick Grapes Sam Khan Steven De Decker Paul Freeman |
| author_sort | Jad Abouzeid |
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| description | Intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological condition in veterinary medicine, with chondrodystrophic breeds being particularly susceptible. Studies have compared breed-related risks and clinical characteristics, but here, we investigate the disease in three common chondrodystrophic breeds, the English cocker spaniel, French bulldog and dachshund, and aim to describe and compare the clinical features and anatomical distribution between them. We performed a multicentre retrospective observational study that included 465 dachshunds, 327 French bulldogs and 145 English cocker spaniels with an imaging confirmed diagnosis of IVDE. The mean age at presentation differed in all three breeds, with the French bulldog presenting youngest and English cocker spaniels presenting oldest. IVDE was most common in the thoracolumbar region in all three breeds, although French bulldogs showed the highest proportion of cervical IVDE, dachshunds the highest proportion of thoracolumbar IVDE, and English cocker spaniels the highest proportion of lumbosacral IVDE. The results of this study suggest a differing clinical presentation for IVDE between these three breeds with regard to both the age of onset and the anatomical region most likely to be affected. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-02f3b4e180a44c478fa86d899a9d3cb32025-08-20T02:44:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-02-0115460210.3390/ani15040602Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and DachshundsJad Abouzeid0Nick Grapes1Sam Khan2Steven De Decker3Paul Freeman4Neurology and Neurosurgery, Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Cranes Point, Gardiners Lane South, Basildon SS14 3AP, UKNeurology and Neurosurgery, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Manor Farm Business Park, High Gobion SG5 3HR, UKQueen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UKDepartment of Clinical Science & Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKQueen’s Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UKIntervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is a common neurological condition in veterinary medicine, with chondrodystrophic breeds being particularly susceptible. Studies have compared breed-related risks and clinical characteristics, but here, we investigate the disease in three common chondrodystrophic breeds, the English cocker spaniel, French bulldog and dachshund, and aim to describe and compare the clinical features and anatomical distribution between them. We performed a multicentre retrospective observational study that included 465 dachshunds, 327 French bulldogs and 145 English cocker spaniels with an imaging confirmed diagnosis of IVDE. The mean age at presentation differed in all three breeds, with the French bulldog presenting youngest and English cocker spaniels presenting oldest. IVDE was most common in the thoracolumbar region in all three breeds, although French bulldogs showed the highest proportion of cervical IVDE, dachshunds the highest proportion of thoracolumbar IVDE, and English cocker spaniels the highest proportion of lumbosacral IVDE. The results of this study suggest a differing clinical presentation for IVDE between these three breeds with regard to both the age of onset and the anatomical region most likely to be affected.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/602intervertebral disc diseaseintervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE)spinal cord injurychondrodystrophiccanineEnglish cocker spaniel |
| spellingShingle | Jad Abouzeid Nick Grapes Sam Khan Steven De Decker Paul Freeman Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds Animals intervertebral disc disease intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) spinal cord injury chondrodystrophic canine English cocker spaniel |
| title | Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds |
| title_full | Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds |
| title_short | Comparison of Clinical Features of Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in English Cocker Spaniels, French Bulldogs and Dachshunds |
| title_sort | comparison of clinical features of intervertebral disc extrusions in english cocker spaniels french bulldogs and dachshunds |
| topic | intervertebral disc disease intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) spinal cord injury chondrodystrophic canine English cocker spaniel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/602 |
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