Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal Challenges

Metaverse introduces novel challenges in the domain of criminal behavior, particularly concerning sexual abuse. Its defining characteristics—heightened presence, embodiment, anonymity, and decentralization—amplify risks and differentiate it from traditional digital platforms. Unlike conventional int...

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Main Authors: Giulia Melis, Merylin Monaro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: İzmir Akademi Derneği 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Metaverse
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Online Access:https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4695343
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author Giulia Melis
Merylin Monaro
author_facet Giulia Melis
Merylin Monaro
author_sort Giulia Melis
collection DOAJ
description Metaverse introduces novel challenges in the domain of criminal behavior, particularly concerning sexual abuse. Its defining characteristics—heightened presence, embodiment, anonymity, and decentralization—amplify risks and differentiate it from traditional digital platforms. Unlike conventional internet environments, Metaverse simulates real-life experiences with immersive realism, intensifying cybercrimes' psychological impact and necessitating a paradigm shift in legal and regulatory approaches. While digital threats such as the dissemination of pornographic material have long been recognized, behaviors like sexual harassment and assault have historically been addressed primarily within physical contexts. However, in Metaverse, the boundaries between virtual and physical harm are increasingly blurred, as illustrated by the first widely reported case of virtual rape in January 2024, involving the avatar of a young girl assaulted by other users in an immersive gaming environment. This paper, through a literature review, critically examines current psychological and legal perspectives on sexual abuse within the Metaverse. By synthesizing recent empirical findings and documented case reports, the results of this work highlight how immersive environments may exacerbate the psychological toll of virtual sexual victimization, hypothesizing the emergence of trauma responses comparable to those associated with physical assaults. Despite the severity of such experience, significant gaps remain in empirical research concerning the psychological consequences of sexual abuse in immersive virtual environments. This underscores the need for further investigation to better understand victim experiences and inform the development of effective therapeutic and protective measures. Moreover, current legal frameworks are ill-equipped to address offenses occurring in the Metaverse, constrained by definitional ambiguities and jurisdictional limitations. This paper identifies critical regulatory gaps and emphasizes the need for legal standards explicitly designed for immersive virtual contexts. By integrating insights from psychology, law, and technology, it advocates interdisciplinary approaches to redefine strategies for safeguarding users and addressing the complex ethical, psychological, and legal challenges posed by Metaverse.
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spelling doaj-art-02ee22daef0343959a4c585fd1af87bf2025-08-20T02:44:33Zengİzmir Akademi DerneğiJournal of Metaverse2792-02322025-12-015212413110.57019/jmv.16589552220Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal ChallengesGiulia Melis0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-1394Merylin Monaro1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-691XUniversity of PaduaUniversity of PaduaMetaverse introduces novel challenges in the domain of criminal behavior, particularly concerning sexual abuse. Its defining characteristics—heightened presence, embodiment, anonymity, and decentralization—amplify risks and differentiate it from traditional digital platforms. Unlike conventional internet environments, Metaverse simulates real-life experiences with immersive realism, intensifying cybercrimes' psychological impact and necessitating a paradigm shift in legal and regulatory approaches. While digital threats such as the dissemination of pornographic material have long been recognized, behaviors like sexual harassment and assault have historically been addressed primarily within physical contexts. However, in Metaverse, the boundaries between virtual and physical harm are increasingly blurred, as illustrated by the first widely reported case of virtual rape in January 2024, involving the avatar of a young girl assaulted by other users in an immersive gaming environment. This paper, through a literature review, critically examines current psychological and legal perspectives on sexual abuse within the Metaverse. By synthesizing recent empirical findings and documented case reports, the results of this work highlight how immersive environments may exacerbate the psychological toll of virtual sexual victimization, hypothesizing the emergence of trauma responses comparable to those associated with physical assaults. Despite the severity of such experience, significant gaps remain in empirical research concerning the psychological consequences of sexual abuse in immersive virtual environments. This underscores the need for further investigation to better understand victim experiences and inform the development of effective therapeutic and protective measures. Moreover, current legal frameworks are ill-equipped to address offenses occurring in the Metaverse, constrained by definitional ambiguities and jurisdictional limitations. This paper identifies critical regulatory gaps and emphasizes the need for legal standards explicitly designed for immersive virtual contexts. By integrating insights from psychology, law, and technology, it advocates interdisciplinary approaches to redefine strategies for safeguarding users and addressing the complex ethical, psychological, and legal challenges posed by Metaverse.https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4695343metaversesexual abuseforensic psychologylaw
spellingShingle Giulia Melis
Merylin Monaro
Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal Challenges
Journal of Metaverse
metaverse
sexual abuse
forensic psychology
law
title Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal Challenges
title_full Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal Challenges
title_fullStr Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal Challenges
title_short Sexual Crimes in Metaverse: New Frontiers in Forensic Psychology and Legal Challenges
title_sort sexual crimes in metaverse new frontiers in forensic psychology and legal challenges
topic metaverse
sexual abuse
forensic psychology
law
url https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/4695343
work_keys_str_mv AT giuliamelis sexualcrimesinmetaversenewfrontiersinforensicpsychologyandlegalchallenges
AT merylinmonaro sexualcrimesinmetaversenewfrontiersinforensicpsychologyandlegalchallenges