Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo Study

Introduction: Small animal imaging has an extensive variety of applications, including the design and optimization of novel imaging devices. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are enhanced due to their high accuracy. The purpose of this investigation was to implement and validate a MC model for a preclini...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Mirdoraghi, Behnoosh Teimourian Fard, Olga Kochebina, Hojjat Mahani, Mohammad Reza Ay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Medical Physics
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jmp.jmp_220_24
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author Mohammad Mirdoraghi
Behnoosh Teimourian Fard
Olga Kochebina
Hojjat Mahani
Mohammad Reza Ay
author_facet Mohammad Mirdoraghi
Behnoosh Teimourian Fard
Olga Kochebina
Hojjat Mahani
Mohammad Reza Ay
author_sort Mohammad Mirdoraghi
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Small animal imaging has an extensive variety of applications, including the design and optimization of novel imaging devices. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are enhanced due to their high accuracy. The purpose of this investigation was to implement and validate a MC model for a preclinical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) known as high-resolution SPECT II (HiReSPECT II) machine developed in our laboratory and also optimize different collimator materials and geometries for improving the sensitivity and spatial resolution. Materials and Methods: The validation of a small animal SPECT scanner equipped with lead hexagonal parallel-hole collimator, CsI (Na) pixelated crystal, and SiPM photodiodes was performed by comparing experimental results with Geant4 application for tomography emission (GATE) simulation data. In the next step, the optimization appraisals for both spatial resolution and sensitivity on the collimator material (W and Pb) and hole diameter were carried out using GATE. The experimental and simulated sensitivities were obtained using a cylindrical phantom at source to the collimator distance (SCD) of 3 cm. Moreover, a line source was applied to assess the spatial resolution in the simulated and experimental environments at different SCDs. Besides, a tungsten collimator with a hole diameter of 0.99 mm is suggested. 99mTc was used as the radionuclide in all experiments. Results: The discrepancy between experimental and simulated sensitivities was <3%. In addition, the differences between simulated and experimental spatial resolutions were about 5%. Furthermore, the optimized hole diameter for tungsten is 0.99 mm according to the curve representing the tradeoff between spatial resolution and sensitivity. Conclusion: Lead exhibits a little higher sensitivity compared to tungsten because it has superior penetration and scattering abilities, leading to an increased full width at the tenth maximum that can diminish the spatial resolution. In addition, enlarging the diameter of the holes increases the number of photons that penetrate and scatter, thereby reducing the spatial resolution. The proposed collimator is able to provide adequate sensitivity considering the spatial resolution achieved at the SCD of 3 cm.
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publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
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spelling doaj-art-02ea3ba349dd498caeb8e52488a489642025-08-20T03:44:43ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Medical Physics0971-62031998-39132025-04-0150237838410.4103/jmp.jmp_220_24Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo StudyMohammad MirdoraghiBehnoosh Teimourian FardOlga KochebinaHojjat MahaniMohammad Reza AyIntroduction: Small animal imaging has an extensive variety of applications, including the design and optimization of novel imaging devices. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are enhanced due to their high accuracy. The purpose of this investigation was to implement and validate a MC model for a preclinical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) known as high-resolution SPECT II (HiReSPECT II) machine developed in our laboratory and also optimize different collimator materials and geometries for improving the sensitivity and spatial resolution. Materials and Methods: The validation of a small animal SPECT scanner equipped with lead hexagonal parallel-hole collimator, CsI (Na) pixelated crystal, and SiPM photodiodes was performed by comparing experimental results with Geant4 application for tomography emission (GATE) simulation data. In the next step, the optimization appraisals for both spatial resolution and sensitivity on the collimator material (W and Pb) and hole diameter were carried out using GATE. The experimental and simulated sensitivities were obtained using a cylindrical phantom at source to the collimator distance (SCD) of 3 cm. Moreover, a line source was applied to assess the spatial resolution in the simulated and experimental environments at different SCDs. Besides, a tungsten collimator with a hole diameter of 0.99 mm is suggested. 99mTc was used as the radionuclide in all experiments. Results: The discrepancy between experimental and simulated sensitivities was <3%. In addition, the differences between simulated and experimental spatial resolutions were about 5%. Furthermore, the optimized hole diameter for tungsten is 0.99 mm according to the curve representing the tradeoff between spatial resolution and sensitivity. Conclusion: Lead exhibits a little higher sensitivity compared to tungsten because it has superior penetration and scattering abilities, leading to an increased full width at the tenth maximum that can diminish the spatial resolution. In addition, enlarging the diameter of the holes increases the number of photons that penetrate and scatter, thereby reducing the spatial resolution. The proposed collimator is able to provide adequate sensitivity considering the spatial resolution achieved at the SCD of 3 cm.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jmp.jmp_220_24collimator designgeant4 application for tomography emissionhigh-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography iisimulationssingle-photon emission computed tomography
spellingShingle Mohammad Mirdoraghi
Behnoosh Teimourian Fard
Olga Kochebina
Hojjat Mahani
Mohammad Reza Ay
Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo Study
Journal of Medical Physics
collimator design
geant4 application for tomography emission
high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography ii
simulations
single-photon emission computed tomography
title Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo Study
title_full Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo Study
title_fullStr Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo Study
title_full_unstemmed Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo Study
title_short Design and Optimization of Collimator for Preclinical Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Scanner: A Monte Carlo Study
title_sort design and optimization of collimator for preclinical single photon emission computed tomography scanner a monte carlo study
topic collimator design
geant4 application for tomography emission
high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography ii
simulations
single-photon emission computed tomography
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jmp.jmp_220_24
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