Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping

Abstract This study presents an experimentally validated demonstration of an inverse-optimized binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element (DOE). This DOE transforms an incident Gaussian beam into a square flat-top beam at the working plane. The design methodology for this binary pha...

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Main Authors: Wei Jia, Steve Blair, Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89663-0
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author Wei Jia
Steve Blair
Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez
author_facet Wei Jia
Steve Blair
Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez
author_sort Wei Jia
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study presents an experimentally validated demonstration of an inverse-optimized binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element (DOE). This DOE transforms an incident Gaussian beam into a square flat-top beam at the working plane. The design methodology for this binary phase-only DOE beam shaper is founded on an efficient process that integrates the modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm and the adjoint method. Experimental characterization of the fabricated device on a single crystal $$(\overline{2} \; 01)$$ gallium oxide substrate is conducted at a wavelength of 532 nm, confirming its ability to transform an incident Gaussian beam into a focused square flat-top beam. Such a device holds significant promise for various high-power laser applications, notably in laser welding and similar domains. Furthermore, because of the ultrawide bandgap of gallium oxide, DOEs operating at shorter wavelengths in the UV are also possible based on this technique.
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spelling doaj-art-02e4de32ecb648acbc1da9bcadb2fe4b2025-08-20T01:57:49ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-011511810.1038/s41598-025-89663-0Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shapingWei Jia0Steve Blair1Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of UtahAbstract This study presents an experimentally validated demonstration of an inverse-optimized binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element (DOE). This DOE transforms an incident Gaussian beam into a square flat-top beam at the working plane. The design methodology for this binary phase-only DOE beam shaper is founded on an efficient process that integrates the modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm and the adjoint method. Experimental characterization of the fabricated device on a single crystal $$(\overline{2} \; 01)$$ gallium oxide substrate is conducted at a wavelength of 532 nm, confirming its ability to transform an incident Gaussian beam into a focused square flat-top beam. Such a device holds significant promise for various high-power laser applications, notably in laser welding and similar domains. Furthermore, because of the ultrawide bandgap of gallium oxide, DOEs operating at shorter wavelengths in the UV are also possible based on this technique.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89663-0Binary phaseGallium oxideDiffractive optical elementBeam shaping
spellingShingle Wei Jia
Steve Blair
Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez
Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping
Scientific Reports
Binary phase
Gallium oxide
Diffractive optical element
Beam shaping
title Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping
title_full Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping
title_fullStr Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping
title_full_unstemmed Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping
title_short Binary phase-only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping
title_sort binary phase only gallium oxide diffractive optical element for beam shaping
topic Binary phase
Gallium oxide
Diffractive optical element
Beam shaping
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89663-0
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AT steveblair binaryphaseonlygalliumoxidediffractiveopticalelementforbeamshaping
AT berardisensalerodriguez binaryphaseonlygalliumoxidediffractiveopticalelementforbeamshaping