Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood
This work aims to model the mechanical processes used by tree branches to control their posture despite their increasing weight loading. The two known options for a branch to maintain its orientation are the asymmetry of maturation stress, including reaction wood formation, and eccentric radial grow...
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2023-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.308/ |
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| author | Van Rooij, Arnoul Badel, Eric Barczi, Jean-François Caraglio, Yves Almeras, Tancrede Gril, Joseph |
| author_facet | Van Rooij, Arnoul Badel, Eric Barczi, Jean-François Caraglio, Yves Almeras, Tancrede Gril, Joseph |
| author_sort | Van Rooij, Arnoul |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aims to model the mechanical processes used by tree branches to control their posture despite their increasing weight loading. The two known options for a branch to maintain its orientation are the asymmetry of maturation stress, including reaction wood formation, and eccentric radial growth. Both options can be observed in nature and influence the stress distribution developed in the branch each year. This so-called "growth stress" reflects the mechanical state of the branch. In this work, a growth stress model was developed at the cross-section level in order to quantify and study the biomechanical impact of each process. For illustration, this model was applied to branches of two 50-year-old trees, one softwood Pinus pinaster, and one hardwood Prunus avium (wild cherry tree), both simulated with the AmapSim discrete element software. For the wild cherry tree, the computed outputs highlighted that the eccentricity of radial growth seems to be as efficient as the formation of reaction wood to maintain postural control despite the increasing gravity. For the pine tree, eccentric radial growth appears to be less efficient than the formation of reaction wood. But although it does not necessarily act as a relevant lever for postural control, it greatly modifies the profile pattern of mechanical stress and could provide mechanical safety of the branch. This work opens experimental perspectives to understand the biomechanical processes involved in the formation of branches and their mechanical safety.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-02e204ccae0147a9bc93b367de4f7ca8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2804-3871 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Peer Community In |
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| series | Peer Community Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-02e204ccae0147a9bc93b367de4f7ca82025-02-07T10:16:49ZengPeer Community InPeer Community Journal2804-38712023-08-01310.24072/pcjournal.30810.24072/pcjournal.308Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood Van Rooij, Arnoul0Badel, Eric1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-7554Barczi, Jean-François2Caraglio, Yves3Almeras, Tancrede4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-5466Gril, Joseph5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1483-0294Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant, Site INRAE Crouël : 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France // Site Clermont : 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; Institut Pascal, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026 / CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, FranceLaboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant, Site INRAE Crouël : 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France // Site Clermont : 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, FranceBotanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations, Bd de la Lironde TA A-51/ PS 2 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, FranceBotanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations, Bd de la Lironde TA A-51/ PS 2 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, FranceLMGC, CNRS, Université of Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceLaboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant, Site INRAE Crouël : 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France // Site Clermont : 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; Institut Pascal, Campus Universitaire des Cézeaux, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60026 / CS 60026, 63178 Aubière Cedex, FranceThis work aims to model the mechanical processes used by tree branches to control their posture despite their increasing weight loading. The two known options for a branch to maintain its orientation are the asymmetry of maturation stress, including reaction wood formation, and eccentric radial growth. Both options can be observed in nature and influence the stress distribution developed in the branch each year. This so-called "growth stress" reflects the mechanical state of the branch. In this work, a growth stress model was developed at the cross-section level in order to quantify and study the biomechanical impact of each process. For illustration, this model was applied to branches of two 50-year-old trees, one softwood Pinus pinaster, and one hardwood Prunus avium (wild cherry tree), both simulated with the AmapSim discrete element software. For the wild cherry tree, the computed outputs highlighted that the eccentricity of radial growth seems to be as efficient as the formation of reaction wood to maintain postural control despite the increasing gravity. For the pine tree, eccentric radial growth appears to be less efficient than the formation of reaction wood. But although it does not necessarily act as a relevant lever for postural control, it greatly modifies the profile pattern of mechanical stress and could provide mechanical safety of the branch. This work opens experimental perspectives to understand the biomechanical processes involved in the formation of branches and their mechanical safety. https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.308/ |
| spellingShingle | Van Rooij, Arnoul Badel, Eric Barczi, Jean-François Caraglio, Yves Almeras, Tancrede Gril, Joseph Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood Peer Community Journal |
| title | Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood
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| title_full | Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood
|
| title_fullStr | Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood
|
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood
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| title_short | Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood
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| title_sort | modelling the growth stress in tree branches eccentric growth vs reaction wood |
| url | https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.308/ |
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