The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey
The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory has been serving as a survey instrument for the hard X-ray sky, and has detected thousands of X-ray sources (e.g., active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries, etc). BAT monitors these X-ray sources and follows their light curves...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade676 |
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| author | Amy Y. Lien Hans A. Krimm Craig B. Markwardt Kyuseok Oh Lea Marcotulli Richard Mushotzky Nicholas R. Collins Scott D. Barthelmy Wayne H. Baumgartner S. Bradley Cenko Michael Koss Sibasish Laha Takanori Sakamoto David M. Palmer Tyler Parsotan |
| author_facet | Amy Y. Lien Hans A. Krimm Craig B. Markwardt Kyuseok Oh Lea Marcotulli Richard Mushotzky Nicholas R. Collins Scott D. Barthelmy Wayne H. Baumgartner S. Bradley Cenko Michael Koss Sibasish Laha Takanori Sakamoto David M. Palmer Tyler Parsotan |
| author_sort | Amy Y. Lien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory has been serving as a survey instrument for the hard X-ray sky, and has detected thousands of X-ray sources (e.g., active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries, etc). BAT monitors these X-ray sources and follows their light curves on timescales from minutes to years. In addition, BAT has discovered hundreds of new X-ray sources in survey images stacked throughout the mission lifetime. We present an updated BAT survey catalog since the last published BAT 105 month survey catalog with additional 4.5 yr of data until 2017 December. Data since 2007 are reprocessed to include updated instrumental calibrations. Analysis in this study shows that additional systematic noise can be seen in the 157 month mosaic images, resulting in decreases in the expected improvement in sensitivity and the number of new detections. The BAT 157 month survey reaches a sensitivity of 8.83 × 10 ^−12 erg s ^−1 cm ^−2 for 90% of the sky and 6.44 × 10 ^−12 erg s ^−1 cm ^−2 for 10% of the sky. This catalog includes spectra, and monthly and snapshot light curves in eight energy bands (14–20, 20–24, 24–35, 35–50, 50–75, 75–100, 100–150, and 150–195 keV) for 1888 sources, including 256 new detections above a detection threshold of 4.8 σ . The light curves, spectra, and tables that summarize the information of the detected-sources are available in the online journal and on the catalog web page: https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/results/bs157mon/ . |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-02cc2f522b6f469f8e992f80f52e5c31 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-02cc2f522b6f469f8e992f80f52e5c312025-08-20T04:02:41ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01989216110.3847/1538-4357/ade676The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray SurveyAmy Y. Lien0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-9756Hans A. Krimm1Craig B. Markwardt2Kyuseok Oh3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-951XLea Marcotulli4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-3649Richard Mushotzky5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-5446Nicholas R. Collins6Scott D. Barthelmy7Wayne H. Baumgartner8S. Bradley Cenko9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1673-970XMichael Koss10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7998-9581Sibasish Laha11Takanori Sakamoto12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-6616David M. Palmer13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-0802Tyler Parsotan14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-2517University of Tampa , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, FL 33606, USA ; alien@ut.edu; Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Department of Physics, University of Maryland , Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USANational Science Foundation , 2415 Eisenhower Ave., Alexandria, VA 22314, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAKorea Astronomy & Space Science institute , 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics & Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USATelophase Corporation at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USANASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USAEureka Scientific , 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USADepartment of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, JapanLos Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA; New Mexico Consortium , Los Alamos, NM 87544, USAAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAThe Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory has been serving as a survey instrument for the hard X-ray sky, and has detected thousands of X-ray sources (e.g., active galactic nuclei, X-ray binaries, etc). BAT monitors these X-ray sources and follows their light curves on timescales from minutes to years. In addition, BAT has discovered hundreds of new X-ray sources in survey images stacked throughout the mission lifetime. We present an updated BAT survey catalog since the last published BAT 105 month survey catalog with additional 4.5 yr of data until 2017 December. Data since 2007 are reprocessed to include updated instrumental calibrations. Analysis in this study shows that additional systematic noise can be seen in the 157 month mosaic images, resulting in decreases in the expected improvement in sensitivity and the number of new detections. The BAT 157 month survey reaches a sensitivity of 8.83 × 10 ^−12 erg s ^−1 cm ^−2 for 90% of the sky and 6.44 × 10 ^−12 erg s ^−1 cm ^−2 for 10% of the sky. This catalog includes spectra, and monthly and snapshot light curves in eight energy bands (14–20, 20–24, 24–35, 35–50, 50–75, 75–100, 100–150, and 150–195 keV) for 1888 sources, including 256 new detections above a detection threshold of 4.8 σ . The light curves, spectra, and tables that summarize the information of the detected-sources are available in the online journal and on the catalog web page: https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/results/bs157mon/ .https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade676Gamma-ray astronomyGamma-ray transient sourcesX-ray surveysX-ray astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Amy Y. Lien Hans A. Krimm Craig B. Markwardt Kyuseok Oh Lea Marcotulli Richard Mushotzky Nicholas R. Collins Scott D. Barthelmy Wayne H. Baumgartner S. Bradley Cenko Michael Koss Sibasish Laha Takanori Sakamoto David M. Palmer Tyler Parsotan The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey The Astrophysical Journal Gamma-ray astronomy Gamma-ray transient sources X-ray surveys X-ray astronomy |
| title | The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey |
| title_full | The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey |
| title_fullStr | The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey |
| title_short | The 157 Month Swift/BAT All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey |
| title_sort | 157 month swift bat all sky hard x ray survey |
| topic | Gamma-ray astronomy Gamma-ray transient sources X-ray surveys X-ray astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade676 |
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