Overweight-Related Hypertension in Middle-Aged Men Is Linked to Elevated Leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, Cholesterol, and Reduced Testosterone
Background/Objectives: One of the major causes of hypertension (HT) is the transition of normal weight (NW) status to overweight (OW) status and obesity in a population, which leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other disorders. A variety of factors/variables are involved in the development of...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Pathophysiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1873-149X/32/1/7 |
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| Summary: | Background/Objectives: One of the major causes of hypertension (HT) is the transition of normal weight (NW) status to overweight (OW) status and obesity in a population, which leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other disorders. A variety of factors/variables are involved in the development of HT and OW-related hypertension (OHT). However, we planned to investigate the pathophysiological role of serum leptin (Lep), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), total cholesterol (TC) and serum testosterone (ST) in OHT in middle-aged men. Methods: We consulted three groups of middle-aged men (age: 51–60 years)—an HT group (n: 97, high normal weight (HNW), body mass index (BMI): 23–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); an OHT group (n: 97, high overweight (HOW), BMI: 28–29.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and a normal control group (NC, n: 98, HNW)—to investigate the variations in and correlations of Lep, IL-6, TNF-α, ST, TC and other variables. Results: Significant variations were obtained for the comparisons of TNF-α, Lep, ST and TC for the patient groups. OHT vs. NC showed a significant difference for ST. OHT vs. NC and OHT vs. HT had significant variations for IL-6. Significant changes were obtained for the serum levels of TNF-α, Lep, IL-6, ST and TC among groups. Significant and positive linear associations were obtained for TNF-α, Lep, TC and IL-6. Significant and negative linear associations were found for ST plotted against Lep, TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusions: The current report provides pathophysiological evidence of the interactive role of serum Lep, TNF-α, ST, TC and IL-6 in middle-aged men with HT and OHT. We suggest that the changes we noted in the present study would be helpful for further BMI-based studies in various subcategories of NW, OW and obese subjects with/without HT. |
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| ISSN: | 1873-149X |