Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects

Objectives. The aim of the study is to compare the sedative, cardiorespiratory, echocardiographic, and blood gas effects of dexmedetomidine and methadone associated or not with midazolam for restraint chemistry in cats. Methods. Eighteen healthy young cats (4.06 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly sedated with...

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Main Authors: Marina Lopes Castro, Bruna Maia Cerqueira Câmara, Maira Souza Oliveira Barreto, Raphael Rocha Wenceslau, Andressa Karollini e Silva, Natália Fagundes, Renata Andrade Silva, Eutálio Luiz Mariani Pimenta, Suzane Lilian Beier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:Anesthesiology Research and Practice
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9613721
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author Marina Lopes Castro
Bruna Maia Cerqueira Câmara
Maira Souza Oliveira Barreto
Raphael Rocha Wenceslau
Andressa Karollini e Silva
Natália Fagundes
Renata Andrade Silva
Eutálio Luiz Mariani Pimenta
Suzane Lilian Beier
author_facet Marina Lopes Castro
Bruna Maia Cerqueira Câmara
Maira Souza Oliveira Barreto
Raphael Rocha Wenceslau
Andressa Karollini e Silva
Natália Fagundes
Renata Andrade Silva
Eutálio Luiz Mariani Pimenta
Suzane Lilian Beier
author_sort Marina Lopes Castro
collection DOAJ
description Objectives. The aim of the study is to compare the sedative, cardiorespiratory, echocardiographic, and blood gas effects of dexmedetomidine and methadone associated or not with midazolam for restraint chemistry in cats. Methods. Eighteen healthy young cats (4.06 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly sedated with two protocols, through the intramuscular route: dexmedetomidine (5 µg.kg−1), methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) and midazolam (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMTM, n = 9), or dexmedetomidine (7.5 µg.kg−1) and methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMT, n = 9). The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at baseline, 5 and 10 minutes after pharmacological latency. The sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation scores were assessed before and 5 minutes after pharmacological latency, while arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were assessed before and after 10 or 15 minutes, respectively. Results. There was no difference between the protocols regarding the cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and echocardiographic parameters used. The scores for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation also did not differ between the protocols, with the degree of sedation, analgesia, and myorelaxation considered satisfactory in both groups. A significant decrease in heart rate (HR) was observed after administration of the sedative protocols, reaching a maximum reduction at T10 (46% and 53% reduction in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively). The reduction in HR had an impact on echocardiographic parameters such as CO, which decreased 53% and 56% in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively. There was a significant reduction in PaO2, SaO2, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening in both protocols. SpO2 decreased significantly after 5 minutes of sedation in the DMT group, but with a minimum mean SpO2 of 92% in T5. The respiratory rate decreased significantly at 5 and 10 minutes in the DMTM group, while PaCO2 increased in both groups, indicating respiratory depression caused by the drugs. Conclusions and Relevance. The study pointed out that both sedative protocols can be recommended for clinical sedation of young and healthy cats in the doses used. However, both protocols resulted in cardiorespiratory depression in cats and also the particularities of the animals should be evaluated regarding reducing cardiac output by more than 50%.
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spelling doaj-art-02a4e268679f49a8bc3103292d6bd45c2025-08-20T03:55:31ZengWileyAnesthesiology Research and Practice1687-69702022-01-01202210.1155/2022/9613721Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic EffectsMarina Lopes Castro0Bruna Maia Cerqueira Câmara1Maira Souza Oliveira Barreto2Raphael Rocha Wenceslau3Andressa Karollini e Silva4Natália Fagundes5Renata Andrade Silva6Eutálio Luiz Mariani Pimenta7Suzane Lilian Beier8Animal Science Post Graduation ProgramAnimal Science Post Graduation ProgramVeterinary Internal Medicine and Surgery DepartmentVeterinary Internal Medicine and Surgery DepartmentAnimal Science Post Graduation ProgramAnimal Science Post Graduation ProgramAnimal Science Post Graduation ProgramVeterinary Internal Medicine and Surgery DepartmentVeterinary Internal Medicine and Surgery DepartmentObjectives. The aim of the study is to compare the sedative, cardiorespiratory, echocardiographic, and blood gas effects of dexmedetomidine and methadone associated or not with midazolam for restraint chemistry in cats. Methods. Eighteen healthy young cats (4.06 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly sedated with two protocols, through the intramuscular route: dexmedetomidine (5 µg.kg−1), methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) and midazolam (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMTM, n = 9), or dexmedetomidine (7.5 µg.kg−1) and methadone (0.3 mg. kg−1) (DMT, n = 9). The cardiorespiratory parameters were measured at baseline, 5 and 10 minutes after pharmacological latency. The sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation scores were assessed before and 5 minutes after pharmacological latency, while arterial blood gas analysis and echocardiography were assessed before and after 10 or 15 minutes, respectively. Results. There was no difference between the protocols regarding the cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and echocardiographic parameters used. The scores for sedation, analgesia, and muscle relaxation also did not differ between the protocols, with the degree of sedation, analgesia, and myorelaxation considered satisfactory in both groups. A significant decrease in heart rate (HR) was observed after administration of the sedative protocols, reaching a maximum reduction at T10 (46% and 53% reduction in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively). The reduction in HR had an impact on echocardiographic parameters such as CO, which decreased 53% and 56% in the DMT and DMTM groups, respectively. There was a significant reduction in PaO2, SaO2, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening in both protocols. SpO2 decreased significantly after 5 minutes of sedation in the DMT group, but with a minimum mean SpO2 of 92% in T5. The respiratory rate decreased significantly at 5 and 10 minutes in the DMTM group, while PaCO2 increased in both groups, indicating respiratory depression caused by the drugs. Conclusions and Relevance. The study pointed out that both sedative protocols can be recommended for clinical sedation of young and healthy cats in the doses used. However, both protocols resulted in cardiorespiratory depression in cats and also the particularities of the animals should be evaluated regarding reducing cardiac output by more than 50%.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9613721
spellingShingle Marina Lopes Castro
Bruna Maia Cerqueira Câmara
Maira Souza Oliveira Barreto
Raphael Rocha Wenceslau
Andressa Karollini e Silva
Natália Fagundes
Renata Andrade Silva
Eutálio Luiz Mariani Pimenta
Suzane Lilian Beier
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects
Anesthesiology Research and Practice
title Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects
title_full Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects
title_fullStr Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects
title_short Effect of Dexmedetomidine Low Doses with or without Midazolam in Cats: Clinical, Hemodynamic, Blood Gas Analysis, and Echocardiographic Effects
title_sort effect of dexmedetomidine low doses with or without midazolam in cats clinical hemodynamic blood gas analysis and echocardiographic effects
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9613721
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