Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, Chile
Abstract We present here a study about the possible spread of covid-19 pandemic between human’s beings through aerosols contained in urban air polluted by respirable particulate matter and tropospheric ozone, as well as the incidence of local meteorology in an area with orographic basin characterist...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200434 |
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| author | Giovanni A. Salini Patricio R. Pacheco Eduardo Mera María C. Parodi |
| author_facet | Giovanni A. Salini Patricio R. Pacheco Eduardo Mera María C. Parodi |
| author_sort | Giovanni A. Salini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract We present here a study about the possible spread of covid-19 pandemic between human’s beings through aerosols contained in urban air polluted by respirable particulate matter and tropospheric ozone, as well as the incidence of local meteorology in an area with orographic basin characteristics and in a certain period of time. Hourly time-series data of three meteorological variables—temperature, relative humidity, wind speed—and three pollutants—PM10, PM2.5 and O3—were considered together with hourly data from the highest number accumulated sick’s in seven communes—chosen at random—in Santiago, Chile, studying a probable link between them. From the epidemic perspective, the infected patients number was linked to the hourly time-series of meteorological and pollutant variables, generating new time-series. Nonlinear analysis and the chaos theory formalism was applied to these new time-series, obtaining the largest Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, Kolmogorov entropy, Hurst exponent and the Lempel-Ziv complexity. Our preliminary results show meteorological and air pollution variables can be part of the elements fraction that give sustainability to the accumulated growth of infected patients and favor the pandemic spread, making the accumulated sick’s curve chaotic and complex. In addition, environmental pollution could worsen disease conditions like coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. For all time-series, the Lempel-Ziv complexity turned out to be between 0 and 1 which is indicative of connectivity and chaos. The largest Lyapunov exponent as well as the Kolmogorov entropy were positive which also exhibits chaos. The Hurst exponent was found to be greater than 0.5 and less than 1 for all time-series, indicating positive long-term autocorrelation. Finally, the correlation dimension was less than 5, revealing that new time-series constructed are not random. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0291ee1930104f24a50f230e2f87aec6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0291ee1930104f24a50f230e2f87aec62025-02-09T12:21:01ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092021-01-0121511310.4209/aaqr.200434Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, ChileGiovanni A. Salini0Patricio R. Pacheco1Eduardo Mera2María C. Parodi3Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima ConcepciónDepartamento de Física, Universidad Tecnológica MetropolitanaDepartamento de Física, Universidad Tecnológica MetropolitanaDepartamento de Industria, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica MetropolitanaAbstract We present here a study about the possible spread of covid-19 pandemic between human’s beings through aerosols contained in urban air polluted by respirable particulate matter and tropospheric ozone, as well as the incidence of local meteorology in an area with orographic basin characteristics and in a certain period of time. Hourly time-series data of three meteorological variables—temperature, relative humidity, wind speed—and three pollutants—PM10, PM2.5 and O3—were considered together with hourly data from the highest number accumulated sick’s in seven communes—chosen at random—in Santiago, Chile, studying a probable link between them. From the epidemic perspective, the infected patients number was linked to the hourly time-series of meteorological and pollutant variables, generating new time-series. Nonlinear analysis and the chaos theory formalism was applied to these new time-series, obtaining the largest Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, Kolmogorov entropy, Hurst exponent and the Lempel-Ziv complexity. Our preliminary results show meteorological and air pollution variables can be part of the elements fraction that give sustainability to the accumulated growth of infected patients and favor the pandemic spread, making the accumulated sick’s curve chaotic and complex. In addition, environmental pollution could worsen disease conditions like coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. For all time-series, the Lempel-Ziv complexity turned out to be between 0 and 1 which is indicative of connectivity and chaos. The largest Lyapunov exponent as well as the Kolmogorov entropy were positive which also exhibits chaos. The Hurst exponent was found to be greater than 0.5 and less than 1 for all time-series, indicating positive long-term autocorrelation. Finally, the correlation dimension was less than 5, revealing that new time-series constructed are not random.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200434CoronavirusAir pollutionEntropyChaosSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Giovanni A. Salini Patricio R. Pacheco Eduardo Mera María C. Parodi Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, Chile Aerosol and Air Quality Research Coronavirus Air pollution Entropy Chaos SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, Chile |
| title_full | Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, Chile |
| title_fullStr | Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, Chile |
| title_short | Probable Relationship between COVID-19, Pollutants and Meteorology: A Case Study at Santiago, Chile |
| title_sort | probable relationship between covid 19 pollutants and meteorology a case study at santiago chile |
| topic | Coronavirus Air pollution Entropy Chaos SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200434 |
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