Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian study

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute complications may impact on disease progression but their prevalence is unclear and prognostic outcomes of complicated patients have been poorly studied. The aim of the study was to estimate the preval...

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Main Authors: Michele Mondoni, Cristina Albrici, Silvia Terraneo, Mariangela Puci, Sara Maggioni, Giulia Ferranti, Sonia Henchi, Ottavia Viganò, Andrea Santoro, Giulia Marchetti, Stefano Centanni, Claudia C. Dobler, Giovanni Sotgiu
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10892-9
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author Michele Mondoni
Cristina Albrici
Silvia Terraneo
Mariangela Puci
Sara Maggioni
Giulia Ferranti
Sonia Henchi
Ottavia Viganò
Andrea Santoro
Giulia Marchetti
Stefano Centanni
Claudia C. Dobler
Giovanni Sotgiu
author_facet Michele Mondoni
Cristina Albrici
Silvia Terraneo
Mariangela Puci
Sara Maggioni
Giulia Ferranti
Sonia Henchi
Ottavia Viganò
Andrea Santoro
Giulia Marchetti
Stefano Centanni
Claudia C. Dobler
Giovanni Sotgiu
author_sort Michele Mondoni
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute complications may impact on disease progression but their prevalence is unclear and prognostic outcomes of complicated patients have been poorly studied. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of acute complications of TB at the time of diagnosis. Short-term outcomes were also evaluated. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Milan (Italy), from January 2018 to December 2023. Results 201 patients with TB were recruited. 88 complications were recorded in 65 (32.3%) patients. Disseminated TB was the most frequent complication (30, 34.1%) followed by acute respiratory failure (23, 26.1%) and pleural empyema (6, 6.8%). In-hospital and 30-days mortality in complicated patients were 9/65 (13.8%) and 10/65 (15.4%), respectively. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with > 1 versus (VS) 1 complication (6, 31.6% VS 3, 6.5%, p = 0.02) without any difference in 1-month mortality (6, 31.6% VS 4, 9.8%, p = 0.06) between subgroups. Acute respiratory failure was the most lethal complication. Conclusions The study shows a substantial rate of complications in patients with a new diagnosis of TB associated to a significant short-term mortality. A prompt screen of complications at diagnosis is needed to improve short-term outcomes of these patients.
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spelling doaj-art-028741707efe440a9747c3d9f28d63ea2025-08-20T03:18:53ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-04-012511810.1186/s12879-025-10892-9Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian studyMichele Mondoni0Cristina Albrici1Silvia Terraneo2Mariangela Puci3Sara Maggioni4Giulia Ferranti5Sonia Henchi6Ottavia Viganò7Andrea Santoro8Giulia Marchetti9Stefano Centanni10Claudia C. Dobler11Giovanni Sotgiu12Respiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoRespiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoRespiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoClinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of SassariRespiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoRespiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoPulmonology Unit, ASST LodiInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e CarloInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Department Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Department Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoRespiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Università degli Studi di MilanoSouth Western Sydney Clinical School, University of South WalesClinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of SassariAbstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute complications may impact on disease progression but their prevalence is unclear and prognostic outcomes of complicated patients have been poorly studied. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of acute complications of TB at the time of diagnosis. Short-term outcomes were also evaluated. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Milan (Italy), from January 2018 to December 2023. Results 201 patients with TB were recruited. 88 complications were recorded in 65 (32.3%) patients. Disseminated TB was the most frequent complication (30, 34.1%) followed by acute respiratory failure (23, 26.1%) and pleural empyema (6, 6.8%). In-hospital and 30-days mortality in complicated patients were 9/65 (13.8%) and 10/65 (15.4%), respectively. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with > 1 versus (VS) 1 complication (6, 31.6% VS 3, 6.5%, p = 0.02) without any difference in 1-month mortality (6, 31.6% VS 4, 9.8%, p = 0.06) between subgroups. Acute respiratory failure was the most lethal complication. Conclusions The study shows a substantial rate of complications in patients with a new diagnosis of TB associated to a significant short-term mortality. A prompt screen of complications at diagnosis is needed to improve short-term outcomes of these patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10892-9TuberculosisComplicationEmpyemaDisseminated TBRespiratory failureMiliary
spellingShingle Michele Mondoni
Cristina Albrici
Silvia Terraneo
Mariangela Puci
Sara Maggioni
Giulia Ferranti
Sonia Henchi
Ottavia Viganò
Andrea Santoro
Giulia Marchetti
Stefano Centanni
Claudia C. Dobler
Giovanni Sotgiu
Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian study
BMC Infectious Diseases
Tuberculosis
Complication
Empyema
Disseminated TB
Respiratory failure
Miliary
title Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian study
title_full Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian study
title_fullStr Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian study
title_short Prevalence and short-term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis: a cross-sectional, monocentre, Italian study
title_sort prevalence and short term outcomes of acute complications of tuberculosis a cross sectional monocentre italian study
topic Tuberculosis
Complication
Empyema
Disseminated TB
Respiratory failure
Miliary
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10892-9
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