Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal Study
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular mortality is a leading cause of global deaths, with aging, dyslipidemia, and inflammation recognized as key risk factors. This study aimed to identify distinct cardiovascular risk profiles using cluster analysis based on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in a large coho...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-03-01
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| Series: | The Journal of Clinical Hypertension |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70035 |
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| author | A‐Ra Cho Seok‐Jae Heo Taehwa Han Yu‐Jin Kwon |
| author_facet | A‐Ra Cho Seok‐Jae Heo Taehwa Han Yu‐Jin Kwon |
| author_sort | A‐Ra Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Cardiovascular mortality is a leading cause of global deaths, with aging, dyslipidemia, and inflammation recognized as key risk factors. This study aimed to identify distinct cardiovascular risk profiles using cluster analysis based on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in a large cohort of middle‐aged Korean adults. Our analysis included 8115 participants without cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. We applied the K‐means clustering algorithm to conduct a cluster analysis of six normalized variables: age, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), non‐HDL‐C, and CRP. Multivariable Cox proportional‐hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval for CVD incidence, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiac event (MACE) mortality, and all‐cause mortality. Four clusters were identified based on age, lipids (TC, TG, HDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C), and CRP. Cluster 1 (older age, high CRP) and cluster 2 (high TC, non‐HDL‐C, insulin resistance) had the highest risks for new‐onset CVD, while cluster 1 had the highest risks for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Cluster 3 (high HDL‐C) showed a lower CVD risk, while cluster 4 (younger age, favorable lipid profile) had the lowest risk across all outcomes. This study highlighted the combined impact of aging, dyslipidemia, and inflammation on CVD risk. The clusters with older age and high inflammation or dyslipidemia had the highest cardiovascular risks, emphasizing the importance of managing these factors in high‐risk populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0258c41e97d842ea8cba101604d96261 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1524-6175 1751-7176 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Journal of Clinical Hypertension |
| spelling | doaj-art-0258c41e97d842ea8cba101604d962612025-08-20T02:54:01ZengWileyThe Journal of Clinical Hypertension1524-61751751-71762025-03-01273n/an/a10.1111/jch.70035Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal StudyA‐Ra Cho0Seok‐Jae Heo1Taehwa Han2Yu‐Jin Kwon3Department of Family Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of KoreaBiostatistics Collaboration Unit Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of KoreaIntegrative Research Center for Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of KoreaDepartment of Family Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of KoreaABSTRACT Cardiovascular mortality is a leading cause of global deaths, with aging, dyslipidemia, and inflammation recognized as key risk factors. This study aimed to identify distinct cardiovascular risk profiles using cluster analysis based on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in a large cohort of middle‐aged Korean adults. Our analysis included 8115 participants without cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. We applied the K‐means clustering algorithm to conduct a cluster analysis of six normalized variables: age, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), non‐HDL‐C, and CRP. Multivariable Cox proportional‐hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval for CVD incidence, CVD mortality, major adverse cardiac event (MACE) mortality, and all‐cause mortality. Four clusters were identified based on age, lipids (TC, TG, HDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C), and CRP. Cluster 1 (older age, high CRP) and cluster 2 (high TC, non‐HDL‐C, insulin resistance) had the highest risks for new‐onset CVD, while cluster 1 had the highest risks for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Cluster 3 (high HDL‐C) showed a lower CVD risk, while cluster 4 (younger age, favorable lipid profile) had the lowest risk across all outcomes. This study highlighted the combined impact of aging, dyslipidemia, and inflammation on CVD risk. The clusters with older age and high inflammation or dyslipidemia had the highest cardiovascular risks, emphasizing the importance of managing these factors in high‐risk populations.https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70035agingcardiovascular diseasecluster analysisdyslipidemiainflammationmortality |
| spellingShingle | A‐Ra Cho Seok‐Jae Heo Taehwa Han Yu‐Jin Kwon Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal Study The Journal of Clinical Hypertension aging cardiovascular disease cluster analysis dyslipidemia inflammation mortality |
| title | Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal Study |
| title_full | Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal Study |
| title_fullStr | Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal Study |
| title_short | Cluster‐Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5‐Year Longitudinal Study |
| title_sort | cluster based analysis of lipid profiles and inflammation in association with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality a 17 5 year longitudinal study |
| topic | aging cardiovascular disease cluster analysis dyslipidemia inflammation mortality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70035 |
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